Centre for Pharmacy Workforce Studies, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, 1st floor, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Health Policy. 2011 Oct;102(2-3):178-92. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2011.06.004. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
To undertake a review of peer-reviewed literature to explore factors affecting pharmacists' performance.
The following databases were searched: Medline, Embase, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge and PsychInfo. Inclusion criteria were: English language only, published between 1990 and 2010 and published in the United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), Canada, Australia, New Zealand or Europe.
The search strategy identified 37 items. The review found that there was some evidence to suggest that pharmacists with certain characteristics (e.g. being male, being of ethnic minority origin, working in community pharmacy and having trained overseas) were more likely to experience performance problems. Factors relating to workload and work environment were associated with performance problems, particularly in relation to errors. There was some limited evidence to suggest that experiencing problems with alcohol or drugs could negatively impact on pharmacists' performance.
The findings suggest that pharmacist performance may be affected by multiple factors, including personal characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, place of primary qualification, factors associated with the workplace and mental and physical health problems. The evidence is not unequivocal and gaps in the literature exist, suggesting that pharmacist performance is an under-researched area.
对同行评议文献进行综述，探讨影响药师绩效的因素。
检索了以下数据库：Medline、Embase、Scopus、ISI Web of Knowledge 和 PsychInfo。纳入标准为：仅英文，发表于 1990 年至 2010 年之间，且发表于英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰或欧洲。
搜索策略确定了 37 项研究。综述发现，有一些证据表明，具有某些特征的药师（如男性、少数民族、在社区药房工作和海外培训）更有可能出现绩效问题。与工作量和工作环境相关的因素与绩效问题有关，尤其是与错误有关。有一些有限的证据表明，酗酒或吸毒问题可能会对药师的绩效产生负面影响。
研究结果表明，药师的绩效可能受到多种因素的影响，包括个人特征，如年龄、性别、种族、主要资格地点、与工作场所相关的因素以及身心健康问题。证据并非明确无误，文献中存在空白，表明药师的绩效是一个研究不足的领域。
