Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies and Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Jan 1;120(1-3):127-34. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.07.008. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
Little is known about material resources among drug users beyond income. Income measures can be insensitive to variation among the poor, do not account for variation in cost-of-living, and are subject to non-response bias and underreporting. Further, most do not include illegal income sources that may be relevant to drug-using populations.
We explored the reliability and validity of an 18-item material resource scale and describe correlates of adequate resources among 1593 current, former and non-drug users recruited in New York City. Reliability was determined using coefficient α, ω(h), and factor analysis. Criterion validity was explored by comparing item and mean scores by income and income source using ANOVA; content validity analyses compared scores by drug use. Multiple linear regression was used to describe correlates of adequate resources.
The coefficient α and ω(h) for the overall scale were 0.91 and 0.68, respectively, suggesting reliability was at least adequate. Legal income >$5000 (vs. ≤$5000) and formal (vs. informal) income sources were associated with more resources, supporting criterion validity. We observed decreasing resources with increasing drug use severity, supporting construct validity. Three factors were identified: basic needs, economic resources and services. Many did not have their basic needs met and few had adequate economic resources. Correlates of adequate material resources included race/ethnicity, income, income source, and homelessness.
The 18-item material resource scale demonstrated reliability and validity among drug users. These data provide a different view of poverty, one that details specific challenges faced by low-income communities.
除了收入，人们对吸毒者的物质资源知之甚少。收入衡量标准对贫困人口的差异不敏感，无法说明生活成本的差异，并且受到非响应偏差和漏报的影响。此外，大多数衡量标准都不包括可能与吸毒人群相关的非法收入来源。
我们探讨了一个 18 项物质资源量表的可靠性和有效性，并描述了在纽约市招募的 1593 名当前、前和非吸毒者中资源充足的相关因素。使用系数 α、ω(h) 和因子分析来确定可靠性。通过使用方差分析比较收入和收入来源的项目和平均分数来探索标准有效性；内容有效性分析比较了吸毒者的分数。使用多元线性回归描述充足资源的相关因素。
整体量表的系数 α 和 ω(h) 分别为 0.91 和 0.68，表明可靠性至少足够。合法收入>5000 美元（与≤5000 美元相比）和正规（与非正规相比）收入来源与更多资源相关，支持标准有效性。我们观察到随着吸毒严重程度的增加，资源减少，支持结构有效性。确定了三个因素：基本需求、经济资源和服务。许多人无法满足基本需求，很少有人有足够的经济资源。充足物质资源的相关因素包括种族/族裔、收入、收入来源和无家可归。
18 项物质资源量表在吸毒者中表现出可靠性和有效性。这些数据提供了一种看待贫困的不同视角，详细说明了低收入社区面临的具体挑战。
