Fornara P, Hoda M R
Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Nierentransplantation, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube-Strasse 40, Halle, Germany.
Urologe A. 2011 Sep;50 Suppl 1:219-22. doi: 10.1007/s00120-011-2677-5.
Approximately 85% of all malignant tumors of the kidney are renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Sonography is the leading examination for early detection of kidney tumors. The treatment of RCC has been enriched in recent years by new therapeutic options for localized and metastatic cancer. The classification of RCC is based on TNM and UICC criteria. The so-called Motzer criteria are being increasingly employed to assess prognosis and monitor therapy and as the basis for reaching decisions on choosing the type of systemic treatment.
所有肾恶性肿瘤中约85%为肾细胞癌（RCC）。超声检查是早期发现肾肿瘤的主要检查方法。近年来，针对局限性和转移性癌症的新治疗选择丰富了肾细胞癌的治疗手段。肾细胞癌的分类基于TNM和UICC标准。所谓的Motzer标准越来越多地用于评估预后、监测治疗，并作为决定选择全身治疗类型的依据。
