Eick Sigrun, Goltz Susann, Nietzsche Sandor, Jentsch Holger, Pfister Wolfgang
Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Dental School, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Quintessence Int. 2011 Sep;42(8):687-700.
To determine in vitro the action of chlorhexidine digluconate and different commercially available mouthrinses on oral microorganisms.
Minimal inhibitory concentrations and possible induction of resistance by chlorhexidine digluconate, an essential oil-containing mouthwash and an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride solution, were determined against microorganisms normally found in the oral cavity (10 streptococci, 2 enterobacteria, 1 Candida albicans, 8 Porphyromonas gingivalis, 6 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and 1 Fusobacterium nucleatum). Further, the effect of a 1-minute exposure on cell and bacterial viability was studied.
The susceptibility of the oral microorganisms to chlorhexidine digluconate ranged from 0.01% to 0.50%. Passages on agar plates containing subinhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate resulted in a transitory moderate increase in the tolerance to chlorhexidine digluconate in five of the 24 isolates. After 1 minute of exposure, chlorhexidine digluconate solutions as well as the essential oil and the amine/stannous fluoride-containing solutions showed a high activity against the tested microorganisms. Commercially available chlorhexidine digluconate formulations (ie, those with antidiscoloration systems) were partly less efficient than the corresponding manually prepared chlorhexidine digluconate preparation. The determination of MTT resulted in a strong cytotoxicity of all tested preparations to gingival fibroblasts.
The results indicate that most of the chlorhexidine digluconate formulations as well as essential oil and the amine fluoride/stannous fluoride solutions are active against oral microbes. Long-term use of these agents would not result in emergent antimicrobial resistance.
在体外确定葡萄糖酸洗必泰及不同市售含漱液对口腔微生物的作用。
测定葡萄糖酸洗必泰、一种含精油漱口水及一种胺氟化物/氟化亚锡溶液对口腔中常见微生物（10种链球菌、2种肠杆菌、1种白色念珠菌、8种牙龈卟啉单胞菌、6种伴放线聚集杆菌和1种具核梭杆菌）的最低抑菌浓度以及可能诱导的耐药性。此外，研究了1分钟暴露对细胞和细菌活力的影响。
口腔微生物对葡萄糖酸洗必泰的敏感性范围为0.01%至0.50%。在含有亚抑菌浓度葡萄糖酸洗必泰的琼脂平板上传代培养后，24株分离菌中有5株对葡萄糖酸洗必泰的耐受性出现短暂适度增加。暴露1分钟后，葡萄糖酸洗必泰溶液以及含精油和含胺/氟化亚锡的溶液对受试微生物显示出高活性。市售葡萄糖酸洗必泰制剂（即那些带有防变色系统的制剂）部分比相应的手工制备的葡萄糖酸洗必泰制剂效率低。MTT测定结果显示，所有受试制剂对牙龈成纤维细胞均有很强的细胞毒性。
结果表明，大多数葡萄糖酸洗必泰制剂以及精油和胺氟化物/氟化亚锡溶液对口腔微生物有活性。长期使用这些制剂不会导致新出现的抗菌耐药性。
