State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Water Res. 2011 Oct 15;45(16):4930-8. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.06.041. Epub 2011 Jul 22.
Due to their high carcinogenicity, the control of nitrosamines, a group of disinfection by-products (DBPs), is an important issue for drinking water supplies. In this study, a method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was improved for simultaneously analyzing nine nitrosamines in source water and finished water samples of twelve drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in China. The method detection limits of the nine target analytes were 0.2-0.9 ng/L for the source water samples and 0.1-0.7 ng/L for the finished water samples. Of the nine nitrosamines, six (N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMor), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA)) were detected. The total nitrosamine concentrations in source water and finished water samples were no detection-42.4 ng/L and no detection-26.3 ng/L, respectively, and NDMA (no detection-13.9 ng/L and no detection-20.5 ng/L, respectively) and NDEA (no detection-16.3 ng/L and no detection-14.0 ng/L, respectively) were the most abundant. Meanwhile, the occurrence of nine secondary amines corresponding to the nine nitrosamines was also investigated. All of them except for di-n-propylamine were detected in some source water and finished water samples, and dimethylamine (no detection-3.9 μg/L and no detection-4.0 μg/L, respectively) and diethylamine (no detection-2.4 μg/L and no detection-1.8 μg/L, respectively) were the most abundant ones. Controlled experiments involving chloramination of four secondary amines confirmed that dimethylamine, diethylamine, morpholine and di-n-butylamine in water can form the corresponding nitrosamines, with diethylamine and morpholine showing significantly higher yields than dimethylamine which has already been identified as a precursor of NDMA. This study proved that diethylamine, morpholine and di-n-butylamine detected in raw water would be one of the important the precursors of NDEA, NMOR and NDBA, respectively, in drinking water.
由于其高度致癌性，控制亚硝胺（一组消毒副产物）是饮用水供应的重要问题。在本研究中，改进了一种使用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时分析中国 12 个饮用水处理厂（DWTP）原水和成品水中 9 种亚硝胺的方法。9 种目标分析物在原水样品中的方法检测限为 0.2-0.9ng/L，在成品水样品中的方法检测限为 0.1-0.7ng/L。在所检测的 9 种亚硝胺中，有 6 种（二甲基亚硝胺（NDMA）、二乙基亚硝胺（NDEA）、亚硝吗啉（NMor）、二正丁基亚硝胺（NDBA）、N-甲基乙基胺（NMEA）和二亚硝基二苯胺（NDPhA））被检出。原水和成品水中总亚硝胺浓度分别为未检出-42.4ng/L 和未检出-26.3ng/L，NDMA（分别为未检出-13.9ng/L 和未检出-20.5ng/L）和 NDEA（分别为未检出-16.3ng/L 和未检出-14.0ng/L）含量最丰富。同时，还研究了与 9 种亚硝胺相对应的 9 种仲胺的产生情况。除二丙胺外，它们均在一些原水和成品水中被检出，二甲胺（分别为未检出-3.9μg/L 和未检出-4.0μg/L）和二乙胺（分别为未检出-2.4μg/L 和未检出-1.8μg/L）含量最丰富。涉及四种仲胺氯化胺的对照实验证实，水中的二甲胺、二乙胺、吗啉和二正丁胺可以形成相应的亚硝胺，二乙胺和吗啉的产率明显高于已被确定为 NDMA 前体的二甲胺。本研究证明，原水中检测到的二乙胺、吗啉和二正丁胺分别是饮用水中二硝基亚硝胺、亚硝吗啉和二正丁胺的重要前体之一。
