Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Poult Sci. 2011 Sep;90(9):1890-9. doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-01314.
To ensure broiler welfare during winter transport, it is necessary to manage heat and moisture accumulation within the transport vehicles. Hence, it is necessary to determine heat production (HP) and moisture production (MP) rates under representative conditions. An environmental chamber containing a standard transport drawer was used. Cold air was drawn from outside the building, warmed to the desired temperature, and passed through the drawer at 0.35 m(3)/s. Broilers were fasted for 7 h, placed into the drawer, and exposed to test conditions within the chamber for 3 h. Air temperature and RH were measured upstream and downstream of the insulated bird compartment at 1-min intervals. Differences in the paired temperature and RH values were used to calculate sensible HP and MP for each 1 min of confinement. Effects of temperatures between -8 and -18°C and a control (+20°C) were measured for birds in 2 conditions. In condition A, there were 15 birds/drawer. Birds were 32 to 33 d old and weighed 1.8 kg. Packing density was approximately 27 kg/drawer (31 kg/m(2)). In condition B, there were 19 or 22 birds/drawer. The drawers with 19 birds contained birds that were 39 to 40 d old that weighed 2.68 kg. In the drawers with 22 birds, the birds were 35 to 36 d old and weighed 2.29 kg. In either case, the packing density was approximately 50 kg/drawer (59 kg/m(2)). Thus, the birds in condition B were bigger, more numerous, and more tightly packed than the birds in condition A. Drawers were balanced for sex. At +20°C, HP and MP rates were similar to other published values. However, for both conditions, HP and MP rates increased with decreasing exposure temperatures. In condition A, HP was 6.08 ± 0.43 W/kg and MP was 4.46 g/h per kg at 20°C compared with 87.5 ± 10.3 W/kg and 22.08 ± 5.05 g/h per kg at -15°C. In condition B, HP was 8.12 ± 1.24 W/kg and MP was 5.53 ± 1.68 g/h per kg at 20°C compared with 45.92 ± 1.95 W/kg and 12.33 ± 0.22 g/h per kg at -18°C.
为确保肉鸡在冬季运输过程中的福利，有必要管理运输车辆内的热量和水分积聚。因此，有必要在代表性条件下确定产热量（HP）和产湿量（MP）率。使用了一个包含标准运输抽屉的环境室。冷空气从建筑物外部吸入，加热至所需温度，然后以 0.35 m³/s 的速度通过抽屉。肉鸡禁食 7 小时，放入抽屉中，并在室内环境中暴露于测试条件下 3 小时。每隔 1 分钟测量隔热鸟舱上游和下游的空气温度和 RH。利用成对的温度和 RH 值之间的差异，计算每个 1 分钟封闭期内的显热 HP 和 MP。测量了-8 至-18°C 之间的温度和控制（+20°C）对 2 种条件下的鸡的影响。在条件 A 中，每个抽屉有 15 只鸡。鸡龄为 32 至 33 天，体重为 1.8 公斤。包装密度约为 27 公斤/抽屉（31 公斤/m²）。在条件 B 中，每个抽屉有 19 或 22 只鸡。装有 19 只鸡的抽屉中装有 39 至 40 天大、体重 2.68 公斤的鸡。装有 22 只鸡的抽屉中，鸡龄为 35 至 36 天，体重为 2.29 公斤。在任何一种情况下，包装密度约为 50 公斤/抽屉（59 公斤/m²）。因此，条件 B 中的鸡比条件 A 中的鸡更大、更多、包装更紧。抽屉根据性别平衡。在+20°C 时，HP 和 MP 率与其他已发表的值相似。然而，对于两种情况，HP 和 MP 率都随暴露温度的降低而增加。在条件 A 中，20°C 时 HP 为 6.08±0.43 W/kg，MP 为 4.46 g/h/kg，而-15°C 时 HP 为 87.5±10.3 W/kg，MP 为 22.08±5.05 g/h/kg。在条件 B 中，20°C 时 HP 为 8.12±1.24 W/kg，MP 为 5.53±1.68 g/h/kg，而-18°C 时 HP 为 45.92±1.95 W/kg，MP 为 12.33±0.22 g/h/kg。
