University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. andrew.dupont@ uth.tmc.edu
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Aug 16;8(9):523-31. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2011.133.
Mucosal surfaces of the gut are colonized by large numbers of heterogeneous bacteria that contribute to intestinal health and disease. In genetically susceptible individuals, a 'pathogenic community' may arise, whereby abnormal gut flora contributes to alterations in the mucosa and local immune system leading to gastrointestinal disease. These diseases include enteric infections, such as Clostridium difficile infection, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, functional gastrointestinal disorders (including IBS), IBD and colorectal cancer. Prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics (a combination of prebiotics and probiotics) have the capacity to reverse pathologic changes in gut flora and local immunity. Intestinal health and disease need to be thoroughly characterized to understand the interplay between the indigenous microbiota, the immune system and genetic host factors. This Review provides a broad overview of the importance of the intestinal microbiota in chronic disorders of the gut.
肠道的黏膜表面定植着大量的异质性细菌，这些细菌有助于肠道健康和疾病的发生。在遗传易感性个体中，可能会出现“致病性群落”，即异常的肠道菌群导致黏膜和局部免疫系统的改变，进而引发胃肠道疾病。这些疾病包括肠道感染，如艰难梭菌感染、小肠细菌过度生长、功能性胃肠疾病（包括 IBS）、IBD 和结直肠癌。益生元、益生菌和合生菌（益生元和益生菌的组合）具有逆转肠道菌群和局部免疫病理性变化的能力。需要全面了解肠道健康和疾病，以理解本土微生物群、免疫系统和遗传宿主因素之间的相互作用。本综述广泛概述了肠道慢性疾病中肠道微生物群的重要性。
