Department of Pediatric Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin St., Suite 470, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Pediatr Radiol. 2011 Sep;41 Suppl 2:534-48. doi: 10.1007/s00247-011-2163-7. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
Innovations in image acquisition and reconstruction technologies have greatly expanded the range of CT applications available in the routine clinical setting. CT images of sub-millimeter resolution can now be acquired of entire body regions in a few seconds or even sub-second time, allowing depiction of fine anatomical detail uncompromised by motion artifact. With sophisticated visualization software, image data can be processed into multiplanar, volume-rendered, cine and other formats to better display anatomical abnormalities and facilitate newer applications such as CT angiography, enterography, urography, tracheobronchography and cardiac CT. Newer applications including dual-energy material decomposition CT are furthering the transition of CT from a purely morphological to a combined anatomical, functional and metabolic imaging technique. These newer applications have largely been pioneered in adult populations, and heightened concern of the risk of carcinogenesis from ionizing radiation tempers dissemination of their use in children. Similar information can often be gleaned from alternative imaging modalities without ionizing radiation exposure, such as MRI and US, and what is most appropriate in children will depend on relative diagnostic efficacy, cost, availability and local expertise.
影像采集和重建技术的创新极大地扩展了 CT 在常规临床环境中的应用范围。现在，亚毫米分辨率的 CT 图像可以在几秒钟甚至更短的时间内获取整个身体部位的图像，从而可以在不受运动伪影影响的情况下描绘精细的解剖细节。借助复杂的可视化软件，可以将图像数据处理成多平面、容积渲染、电影和其他格式，以更好地显示解剖异常，并促进新的应用，如 CT 血管造影、肠造影、尿路造影、支气管造影和心脏 CT。包括双能物质分解 CT 在内的新应用正在推动 CT 从纯粹的形态学向解剖学、功能学和代谢成像技术的结合转变。这些新应用在很大程度上是在成人人群中开创的，人们对电离辐射致癌风险的高度关注限制了它们在儿童中的应用。通常可以从没有电离辐射暴露的替代成像方式（如 MRI 和 US）中获取类似的信息，而在儿童中最适合的方法将取决于相对诊断效果、成本、可用性和当地专业知识。
