School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9510, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011 Dec;20(12):1775-83. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2251. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
To identify variations in screening mammography expenditures, primarily out-of-pocket and total expenditures, of women 40-64 years of age in the United States and factors associated with variations.
Retrospective analysis of data collected from the 2007 and 2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). The sample included 2020 women 40-64 years of age who received one mammogram in 2007 or 2008. Ordinary least squares regression was used to describe relationships among out-of-pocket mammography expenditures, total mammography expenditures, and out-of-pocket mammography expenditures as a percentage of total mammography expenditures and such independent variables as insurance status and type, income, region of the United States, and type of facility where a mammogram was received.
The average out-of-pocket expenditure for a mammogram in 2007 or 2008 was $33, representing 14.1% of the total mammogram expenditure ($266). After controlling for demographic and health factors, women who were uninsured, were from the Midwest, and had a mammogram at an office-based facility had greater out-of-pocket mammography expenditures. Women who were uninsured, lived in the South, and received their mammogram at an office-based facility had out-of-pocket mammography expenditures that represented a greater proportion of the total mammography expenditures.
Large variations in out-of-pocket expenditures were observed among women with and without insurance and between insurance types, geographic regions of the United States, and types of facilities where mammograms were received. A higher financial burden of mammography screening among some subgroups of women may act as a barrier to future mammography screening.
确定美国 40-64 岁女性筛查乳房 X 光摄影支出（主要为自付和总支出）的差异，以及与这些差异相关的因素。
回顾性分析 2007 年和 2008 年医疗支出面板调查（MEPS）收集的数据。样本包括 2020 名 40-64 岁的女性，她们在 2007 年或 2008 年接受了一次乳房 X 光检查。使用普通最小二乘法回归描述自付乳房 X 光摄影支出、总乳房 X 光摄影支出以及自付乳房 X 光摄影支出占总乳房 X 光摄影支出的百分比与保险状况和类型、收入、美国地区以及接受乳房 X 光摄影的设施类型等独立变量之间的关系。
2007 年或 2008 年接受乳房 X 光摄影的平均自付费用为 33 美元，占总乳房 X 光摄影支出（266 美元）的 14.1%。在控制人口统计学和健康因素后，未参保、来自中西部地区以及在以门诊为基础的医疗机构接受乳房 X 光摄影的女性自付乳房 X 光摄影支出更高。未参保、居住在南部地区以及在以门诊为基础的医疗机构接受乳房 X 光摄影的女性自付乳房 X 光摄影支出占总乳房 X 光摄影支出的比例更高。
在有保险和无保险的女性之间以及在保险类型、美国地理位置和接受乳房 X 光摄影的设施类型之间观察到自付支出存在很大差异。一些女性亚组在乳房 X 光摄影筛查方面的经济负担较高，这可能成为未来乳房 X 光摄影筛查的障碍。
