Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Stress. 2011 Sep;14(5):468-74. doi: 10.3109/10253890.2011.606341.
The prevalence of obesity has rapidly escalated and now represents a major public health concern. Although genetic associations with obesity and related metabolic disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease have been identified, together they account for a small proportion of the incidence of disease. Environmental influences such as chronic stress, behavioral and metabolic disturbances, dietary deficiency, and infection have now emerged as contributors to the development of metabolic disease. Although epidemiological data suggest strong associations between chronic stress exposure and metabolic disease, the etiological mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Mechanistic studies of the influence of chronic social stress are now being conducted in both rodent and nonhuman primate models, and phenotypic results are consistent with those in humans. The advantage of these models is that potential neural mechanisms may be examined and interventions to treat or prevent disease may be developed and tested. Further, circadian disruption and metabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus could increase susceptibility to other stressors or serve as a stressor itself. Here, we review data from leading investigators discussing the interrelationship between chronic stress and development of metabolic disorders.
肥胖的流行率迅速上升，现在是一个主要的公共卫生关注点。虽然已经确定了与肥胖和相关代谢紊乱（如糖尿病和心血管疾病）相关的遗传关联，但它们加起来只占疾病发生率的一小部分。环境影响，如慢性压力、行为和代谢紊乱、饮食不足和感染，现在已成为代谢性疾病发展的因素。尽管流行病学数据表明慢性应激暴露与代谢性疾病之间存在强烈关联，但导致这些疾病的病因机制仍不清楚。目前，在啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物模型中正在进行慢性社会应激影响的机制研究，并且表型结果与人类一致。这些模型的优势在于可以检查潜在的神经机制，并开发和测试治疗或预防疾病的干预措施。此外，昼夜节律紊乱和糖尿病等代谢疾病可能会增加对其他应激源的敏感性，或者本身成为应激源。在这里，我们回顾了来自主要研究人员的讨论，这些讨论涉及慢性应激与代谢紊乱发展之间的相互关系。
