Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2011 Nov;26(11):595-605. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.07.008. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
Many marine populations and ecosystems have experienced strong historical depletions, yet reports of recoveries are increasing. Here, we review the growing research on marine recoveries to reveal how common recovery is, its magnitude, timescale and major drivers. Overall, 10-50% of depleted populations and ecosystems show some recovery, but rarely to former levels of abundance. In addition, recovery can take many decades for long-lived species and complex ecosystems. Major drivers of recovery include the reduction of human impacts, especially exploitation, habitat loss and pollution, combined with favorable life-history and environmental conditions. Awareness, legal protection and enforcement of management plans are also crucial. Learning from historical recovery successes and failures is essential for implementing realistic conservation goals and promising management strategies.
许多海洋生物种群和生态系统经历了强烈的历史衰减，但恢复的报告却在增加。在这里，我们回顾了越来越多的关于海洋恢复的研究，以揭示恢复的普遍性、规模、时间尺度和主要驱动因素。总的来说，10-50%的枯竭种群和生态系统显示出一些恢复，但很少能恢复到以前的丰富程度。此外，对于寿命长的物种和复杂的生态系统，恢复可能需要几十年的时间。恢复的主要驱动因素包括减少人类的影响，特别是开发、栖息地丧失和污染，同时结合有利的生活史和环境条件。意识、法律保护和管理计划的执行对于实现现实的保护目标和有前途的管理策略也是至关重要的。从历史恢复的成功和失败中吸取教训对于实施现实的保护目标和有前途的管理策略至关重要。
