Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Köln, Germany.
Nat Immunol. 2011 Aug 18;12(9):817-26. doi: 10.1038/ni.2083.
In plants and animals, the NLR family of receptors perceives non-self and modified-self molecules inside host cells and mediates innate immune responses to microbial pathogens. Despite their similar biological functions and protein architecture, animal NLRs are normally activated by conserved microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns, whereas plant NLRs typically detect strain-specific pathogen effectors. Plant NLRs recognize either the effector structure or effector-mediated modifications of host proteins. The latter indirect mechanism for the perception of non-self, as well as the within-species diversification of plant NLRs, maximize the capacity to recognize non-self through the use of a finite number of innate immunoreceptors. We discuss recent insights into NLR activation, signal initiation through the homotypic association of N-terminal domains and subcellular receptor dynamics in plants and compare those with NLR functions in animals.
在动植物中，NLR 家族受体感知宿主细胞内的非自身和修饰自身分子，并介导对微生物病原体的先天免疫反应。尽管它们具有相似的生物学功能和蛋白质结构，但动物 NLR 通常被保守的微生物或损伤相关分子模式激活，而植物 NLR 通常检测特定菌株的病原体效应子。植物 NLR 识别效应子结构或效应子介导的宿主蛋白修饰。这种非自身感知的间接机制，以及植物 NLR 种内多样化，通过使用有限数量的先天免疫受体来最大限度地提高识别非自身的能力。我们讨论了 NLR 激活的最新见解，以及植物中通过 N 端结构域同源聚集和细胞内受体动力学引发信号的过程，并将其与动物中的 NLR 功能进行了比较。
