Kåsin Jan Ivar, Mansfield Neil, Wagstaff Anthony
Norwegian Institute of Aviation Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2011 Aug;82(8):790-6. doi: 10.3357/asem.2982.2011.
Helicopter pilots are exposed to whole body vibration (WBV) in their working environment. WBV has been associated with low back pain (LBP) and helicopter pilots have a high prevalence for LBP compared with other professions. The aim of this study was to develop a test protocol for measuring helicopters with ISO 2631-1 and to perform a whole body vibration risk assessment based on the European Vibration Directive in a number of commonly used military and civilian helicopters. Both absolute values and individual difference in current helicopter types are of interest in order to evaluate the possible role of vibration in LBP in helicopter pilots.
In operationally relevant maneuvers, six helicopters were tested. In order to standardize measurements, each continuous flight was split into 15 separate maneuvers. A model of a working day exposure pattern was used to calculate A(8) vibration magnitudes for each helicopter.
The vibration A(8) exposure estimates ranged from 0.32-0.51 m x s(-2) during an 8-h working day A(8). This compares with EU and ISO lower bounds risk criteria of 0.5 and 0.43 m x s(-2) A(8), respectively.
Despite the vibration levels being relatively low, helicopter pilots report a high incidence of LBP. It is possible that helicopter pilot postures increase the risk of LBP when combined with WBV. The test protocol used in this study could be generally applied for other rotary winged aircraft testing to allow for comparison of WBV results. Data from different flight phases could be used to model different exposure profiles.
直升机飞行员在其工作环境中会受到全身振动（WBV）的影响。全身振动与腰痛（LBP）有关，与其他职业相比，直升机飞行员的腰痛患病率较高。本研究的目的是制定一项根据ISO 2631-1测量直升机振动的测试方案，并根据欧洲振动指令对一些常用的军用和民用直升机进行全身振动风险评估。为了评估振动在直升机飞行员腰痛中可能起到的作用，当前直升机类型的绝对值和个体差异都值得关注。
在实际飞行操作中，对六架直升机进行了测试。为了使测量标准化，每次连续飞行被分成15个单独的操作动作。使用工作日暴露模式模型来计算每架直升机的A(8)振动量级。
在8小时工作日期间，振动A(8)暴露估计值范围为0.32 - 0.51 m x s(-2)。相比之下，欧盟和ISO的较低风险标准A(8)分别为0.5和0.43 m x s(-2)。
尽管振动水平相对较低，但直升机飞行员报告腰痛的发生率较高。当与全身振动相结合时，直升机飞行员的姿势可能会增加腰痛风险。本研究中使用的测试方案通常可应用于其他旋翼飞机测试，以便比较全身振动结果。来自不同飞行阶段的数据可用于模拟不同的暴露情况。
