African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
J Urban Health. 2011 Oct;88(5):875-85. doi: 10.1007/s11524-011-9605-2.
The importance of reestablishing the link between urban planning and public health has been recognized in recent decades; this paper focuses on the relationship between urban planning/design and health equity, especially in cities in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The physical urban environment can be shaped through various planning and design processes including urban planning, urban design, landscape architecture, infrastructure design, architecture, and transport planning. The resultant urban environment has important impacts on the health of the people who live and work there. Urban planning and design processes can also affect health equity through shaping the extent to which the physical urban environments of different parts of cities facilitate the availability of adequate housing and basic infrastructure, equitable access to the other benefits of urban life, a safe living environment, a healthy natural environment, food security and healthy nutrition, and an urban environment conducive to outdoor physical activity. A new research and action agenda for the urban environment and health equity in LMICs should consist of four main components. We need to better understand intra-urban health inequities in LMICs; we need to better understand how changes in the built environment in LMICs affect health equity; we need to explore ways of successfully planning, designing, and implementing improved health/health equity; and we need to develop evidence-based recommendations for healthy urban planning/design in LMICs.
近几十年来，人们已经认识到重新建立城市规划与公共卫生之间联系的重要性；本文重点关注城市规划/设计与健康公平之间的关系，特别是在中低收入国家（LMICs）的城市中。城市物质环境可以通过各种规划和设计过程来塑造，包括城市规划、城市设计、景观设计、基础设施设计、建筑和交通规划。由此产生的城市环境对居住和工作在那里的人们的健康有重要影响。城市规划和设计过程也可以通过塑造城市不同地区的物质环境在多大程度上促进充足住房和基础设施的供应、公平获得城市生活的其他好处、安全的生活环境、健康的自然环境、食品安全和营养以及有利于户外体育活动的城市环境来影响健康公平。LMICs 城市环境与健康公平的新研究和行动议程应由四个主要部分组成。我们需要更好地了解 LMICs 中的城市内部健康不公平现象；我们需要更好地了解 LMICs 中建成环境的变化如何影响健康公平；我们需要探索成功规划、设计和实施改善健康/健康公平的方法；我们需要为 LMICs 的健康城市规划/设计制定基于证据的建议。
