Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632 509, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Parasitol Res. 2012 Oct;111(4):1833-40. doi: 10.1007/s00436-011-2608-9. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of dried leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Nelumbo nucifera, Manilkara zapota, Ipomoea staphylina, and Acalypha indica against the adults of Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae), hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and fourth instar larvae of malaria vector Anopheles subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasites were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts for 24 h. All extracts showed moderate parasitic effects; however, the percent parasitic mortality observed in the crude leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of N. nucifera and M. zapota against H. bispinosa were 80, 74, 72, and 100 and 100, 83, 74, and 91, respectively, and the activity for I. staphylina and A. indica against Hip. maculata were 100, 93, 87, and 66 and 78, 90, 87, and 100 at 2,000 ppm, respectively; the larvicidal activity for the same extracts of I. staphylina against A. subpictus were 76, 82, 84, and 100 at 100 ppm, respectively. The maximum efficacy was observed in the leaf methanol extract of N. nucifera, hexane extract of M. zapota and leaf hexane extract of I. staphylina, and methanol extract of A. indica against the adults of H. bispinosa and Hip. maculata with LC(50) and LC(90) values of 437.14 and 200.81, and 415.14 and 280.72 ppm, 1,927.57 and 703.52 ppm, and 1,647.70 and 829.39 ppm, respectively. The effective larvicidal activity was observed in leaf methanol extract of I. staphylina against A. subpictus with LC(50) and LC(90) values of 10.39 and 37.71 ppm, respectively. Therefore, this study provides the first report on the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of crude solvent extracts. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of H. bispinosa, Hip. maculata, and the medically important vector A. subpictus.
本研究旨在探讨干叶正己烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和甲醇提取物对中华莲Nelumbo nucifera、马利筋 Manilkara zapota、Ipomoea staphylina 和飞扬草 Acalypha indica 对日本血蜱 Haemaphysalis bispinosa（蛛形纲：硬蜱科）、吸血蝇 Hippobosca maculata（双翅目：虻科）和第四龄疟蚊 Anopheles subpictus（双翅目：库蚊科）成虫和幼虫的杀虫活性。寄生虫暴露于不同浓度的植物提取物中 24 小时。所有提取物均表现出中等的寄生虫效应；然而，中华莲和马利筋叶正己烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和甲醇提取物对日本血蜱的致死率分别为 80%、74%、72%和 100%和 100%、83%、74%和 91%，对 Hip. maculata 的活性为 100%、93%、87%和 66%和 78%、90%、87%和 100%，在 2000 ppm 时，对 I. staphylina 和 A. indica 的活性分别为 100%、93%、87%和 66%和 78%、90%、87%和 100%；对 I. staphylina 同一提取物的杀幼虫活性分别为 76%、82%、84%和 100%，在 100 ppm 时，对 A. subpictus 的活性分别为 76%、82%、84%和 100%。对 H. bispinosa 和 Hip. maculata 成虫的最大疗效分别为中华莲叶甲醇提取物、马利筋叶正己烷提取物和飞扬草叶正己烷提取物以及印度飞扬草叶甲醇提取物，LC（50）和 LC（90）值分别为 437.14 和 200.81、415.14 和 280.72 ppm、1927.57 和 703.52 ppm 和 1647.70 和 829.39 ppm。对 A. subpictus 的有效杀幼虫活性为飞扬草叶甲醇提取物，LC（50）和 LC（90）值分别为 10.39 和 37.71 ppm。因此，本研究首次报道了粗溶剂提取物的杀虫和杀幼虫活性。这是控制日本血蜱、吸血蝇和重要医学媒介 A. subpictus 的理想生态友好方法。
