Population Studies Center/Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA.
Demography. 2011 Nov;48(4):1293-315. doi: 10.1007/s13524-011-0058-8.
A large literature in sociology concerns the implications of immigrants' participation in ethnic enclaves for their economic and social well-being. The "enclave thesis" speculates that immigrants benefit from working in ethnic enclaves. Previous research concerning the effects of enclave participation on immigrants' economic outcomes has come to mixed conclusions as to whether enclave effects are positive or negative. In this article, we seek to extend and improve upon past work by formulating testable hypotheses based on the enclave thesis and testing them with data from the 2003 New Immigrant Survey (NIS), employing both residence-based and workplace-based measures of the ethnic enclave. We compare the economic outcomes of immigrants working in ethnic enclaves with those of immigrants working in the mainstream economy. Our research yields minimal support for the enclave thesis. Our results further indicate that for some immigrant groups, ethnic enclave participation actually has a negative effect on economic outcomes.
社会学领域有大量文献探讨了移民参与族裔飞地对其经济和社会福祉的影响。“飞地假说”推测，移民在族裔飞地工作会受益。先前关于飞地参与对移民经济成果影响的研究得出的结论不一，无法确定飞地效应是正面的还是负面的。在本文中，我们试图通过基于飞地假说制定可检验的假设，并利用 2003 年新移民调查（NIS）的数据进行检验，从而在过去的工作基础上进行扩展和改进，同时采用基于居住和工作场所的族裔飞地衡量标准。我们将在族裔飞地工作的移民的经济成果与在主流经济中工作的移民的经济成果进行比较。我们的研究结果几乎不支持飞地假说。我们的研究结果还表明，对于某些移民群体而言，族裔飞地的参与实际上对经济成果产生了负面影响。
