Endocrinology of Sleep, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
J Psychiatr Res. 2011 Dec;45(12):1593-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.07.015. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
Sleep benefits the consolidation of both declarative and nondeclarative memories, however the question if these two memory systems profit from sleep in more or less similar ways is still under debate. Studying the on-line and off-line consolidation of declarative and nondeclarative memory tasks in depressed patients and healthy controls, we here present a clear double dissociation between memory systems and consolidation phases, suggesting radically different ways how sleep benefits memory consolidation. 37 medicated inpatients with an acute episode of major depression and 31 healthy controls were assessed using a nondeclarative (sequential finger tapping) memory task before and after a night with polysomnography, 27 of the depressed and 22 of the control subjects additionally performed a declarative (paired associates) task. Although depressed patients and control subjects did not differ in practice-dependent learning of the nondeclarative motor task in the wake state, healthy subjects showed overnight improvements in tapping performance of 11.4%, while the patients' performance decreased overnight by 11.5%. This pattern was reversed for the declarative task: While patients learned 33.5% less word pairs than controls in the wake state, overnight changes did not differ between the two groups. These results suggest a double dissociation of memory consolidation processes in major depression: Off-line memory consolidation in major depression is impaired for nondeclarative, but not declarative tasks. The same tasks in the wake state show a reversed pattern, with performance in declarative but not nondeclarative tasks being impaired in major depression.
睡眠有益于陈述性记忆和非陈述性记忆的巩固，但这两种记忆系统是否以相似或不同的方式受益于睡眠，仍存在争议。本研究通过对抑郁患者和健康对照者进行在线和离线的陈述性和非陈述性记忆任务的巩固研究，在此提出了记忆系统和巩固阶段之间的明显双重分离，表明睡眠对记忆巩固的有益作用有根本不同的方式。 37 名正在接受抗抑郁药物治疗的急性重性抑郁症住院患者和 31 名健康对照者在接受多导睡眠图检查前后分别接受了一项非陈述性（连续手指敲击）记忆任务的评估，其中 27 名抑郁患者和 22 名健康对照者还完成了一项陈述性（配对联想）任务。尽管抑郁患者和健康对照者在清醒状态下的非陈述性运动任务的练习依赖性学习中没有差异，但健康受试者在夜间的敲击表现提高了 11.4%，而患者的表现则在夜间下降了 11.5%。这种模式在陈述性任务中是相反的：虽然患者在清醒状态下比对照组少学习了 33.5%的配对词，但两组之间的夜间变化没有差异。这些结果表明，在重性抑郁症中，记忆巩固过程存在双重分离：非陈述性记忆巩固在重性抑郁症中受损，但陈述性任务不受影响。在清醒状态下，同样的任务表现出相反的模式，即陈述性任务但非非陈述性任务的表现受损。
