Han-River Environment Research Center, 627 Yangsu-ri, Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-kun, 476-823 Kyounggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Waste Manag. 2012 Jan;32(1):110-6. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.07.026. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
A wide variety of antibiotics have been detected in natural water samples and this is of potential concern because of the adverse environmental effects of such antibiotic residues. One of the main sources of antibiotics effluence to the surrounding environment is livestock manures which often contain elevated concentrations of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) which survive digestion in the animal stomach following application in animal husbandry practices. In Korea, livestock manures are normally used for compost production indicating that there is potential for antibiotic release to the environment through compost application to agricultural lands. Therefore, reduction of the amount of VAs in composts is crucial. The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of the composting process and the components of the compost on the levels of three common classes of antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and macrolides). Composted materials at different stages of composting were collected from compost manufacturing plants and the variation in antibiotic concentrations was determined. Three different antibiotics, chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and tylosin (TYL) at three different concentrations (2, 10, and 20mgkg(-1)) were also applied to a mixture of pig manure and sawdust and the mixtures incubated using a laboratory scale composting apparatus to monitor the changes in antibiotic concentrations during composting together with the physicochemical properties of the composts. During composting, in both field and lab-scale investigations, the concentrations of all three different antibiotics declined below the relevant Korean guideline values (0.8mgkg(-1) for tetracyclines, 0.2mgkg(-1) for sulfonamides and 1.0mgkg(-1) for macrolides). The decline of tetracycline and sulfonamide concentrations was highly dependent on the presence of sawdust while there was no influence of sawdust on TYL decline.
从天然水样中检测到了各种各样的抗生素，这是令人担忧的，因为这些抗生素残留对环境有不利影响。抗生素废水排放到周围环境的主要来源之一是牲畜粪便，其中通常含有浓度较高的兽用抗生素（VAs），这些抗生素在畜牧业实践中应用于动物后，在动物胃中经过消化仍能存活。在韩国，牲畜粪便通常用于堆肥生产，这表明通过将抗生素施用于农田，有抗生素释放到环境中的潜在风险。因此，减少堆肥中 VAs 的含量至关重要。本研究的目的是了解堆肥过程和堆肥成分对三类常见抗生素（四环素类、磺胺类和大环内酯类）水平的影响。从堆肥生产厂收集了不同堆肥阶段的堆肥材料，并测定了抗生素浓度的变化。还将三种不同的抗生素（金霉素（CTC）、磺胺甲噁唑（SMZ）和泰乐菌素（TYL））以三种不同浓度（2、10 和 20mgkg(-1))添加到猪粪和木屑的混合物中，并使用实验室规模的堆肥设备对混合物进行培养，以监测抗生素浓度在堆肥过程中的变化以及堆肥的理化性质。在堆肥过程中，无论是在现场还是实验室规模的调查中，所有三种不同抗生素的浓度都下降到了相关的韩国指导值以下（四环素为 0.8mgkg(-1)，磺胺类为 0.2mgkg(-1)，大环内酯类为 1.0mgkg(-1)）。四环素和磺胺类浓度的下降高度依赖于木屑的存在，而木屑对 TYL 下降没有影响。
