Henderson J A, Shively C A
Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine), Program in Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1010, USA.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004 Jan;29(1):21-34. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00132-4.
Oral contraceptives (OCs) are the most widely prescribed and effective of the reversible contraceptive methods. In addition to inhibiting ovulation, OCs alter central nervous system function in women; however, methodological problems have prevented clear human studies. Thus, in this experiment we investigated the effects of OC treatment on behavior, hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis function and the central nervous system in 75 adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) housed in social groups of four to five monkeys per pen. Monkey social groups were randomly divided into either a control or an OC treatment group which was administered a clinically prescribed OC (Triphasil(R), levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol tablets) for 2 years. OC treatment increased the frequency of contact aggression received, time spent in locomotion, and sitting close to another animal, and decreased time spent fearfully scanning. OC treatment decreased heart rate, increased activity levels, and increased baseline cortisol concentrations and the cortisol response to adrenocorticotropin compared to control animals. OC treatment decreased the prolactin response to fenfluramine suggesting decreased serotonergic activity. These results suggest that this triphasic OC disrupts social behavior, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and the underlying central nervous system function.
口服避孕药（OCs）是应用最广泛且有效的可逆性避孕方法。除抑制排卵外，OCs还会改变女性的中枢神经系统功能；然而，方法学问题阻碍了明确的人体研究。因此，在本实验中，我们研究了OC治疗对75只成年雌性食蟹猴（猕猴）行为、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能和中枢神经系统的影响，这些猴子以每栏4至5只的群体饲养。猴子群体被随机分为对照组或OC治疗组，OC治疗组给予临床规定的OC（三相片（Triphasil®），左炔诺孕酮和炔雌醇片），为期2年。OC治疗增加了遭受接触性攻击的频率、活动时间以及靠近其他动物坐着的时间，并减少了恐惧扫视的时间。与对照动物相比，OC治疗降低了心率，增加了活动水平，提高了基线皮质醇浓度以及皮质醇对促肾上腺皮质激素的反应。OC治疗降低了对芬氟拉明的催乳素反应，表明血清素能活性降低。这些结果表明，这种三相OC会扰乱社会行为、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴调节以及潜在的中枢神经系统功能。
