Rabies Program, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011 Nov;11(11):1465-70. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0663. Epub 2011 Aug 25.
In this study we attempted to identify whether Commerson's leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros commersoni) is the reservoir of Shimoni bat virus (SHIBV), which was isolated from a bat of this species in 2009. An alternative explanation is that the isolation of SHIBV from H. commersoni was a result of spill-over infection from other species, particularly from the Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), which frequently sympatrically roost with H. commersoni and are known as the reservoir of the phylogenetically related Lagos bat virus (LBV). To evaluate these hypotheses, 769 bats of at least 17 species were sampled from 18 locations across Kenya during 2009?2010. Serum samples were subjected to virus neutralization tests against SHIBV and LBV. A limited amount of cross-neutralization between LBV and SHIBV was detected. However, H. commersoni bats demonstrated greater seroprevalence to SHIBV than to LBV, and greater virus-neutralizing titers to SHIBV than to LBV, with a mean difference of 1.16 log(10) (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.94-1.40; p<0.001). The opposite pattern was observed for sera of R. aegyptiacus bats, with a mean titer difference of 1.06 log(10) (95% CI: 0.83-1.30; p<0.001). Moreover, the seroprevalence in H. commersoni to SHIBV in the cave where these bats sympatrically roosted with R. aegyptiacus (and where SHIBV was isolated in 2009) was similar to their seroprevalence to SHIBV in a distant cave where no R. aegyptiacus were present (18.9% and 25.0%, respectively). These findings suggest that H. commersoni is the host species of SHIBV. Additional surveillance is needed to better understand the ecology of this virus and the potential risks of infection to humans and other mammalian species.
在这项研究中，我们试图确定 Commerson's 叶鼻蝠（Hipposideros commersoni）是否是 Shimoni 蝙蝠病毒（SHIBV）的宿主，该病毒于 2009 年从该物种的蝙蝠中分离出来。另一种解释是，从 H. commersoni 中分离出 SHIBV 是其他物种溢出感染的结果，特别是来自埃及果蝠（Rousettus aegyptiacus）的溢出感染，埃及果蝠常与 H. commersoni 共生，并被认为是与 Lagos 蝙蝠病毒（LBV）亲缘关系密切的病毒的宿主。为了评估这些假设，我们在 2009 年至 2010 年期间从肯尼亚的 18 个地点对至少 17 种蝙蝠进行了 769 次采样。血清样本接受了针对 SHIBV 和 LBV 的病毒中和试验。检测到 LBV 和 SHIBV 之间存在有限的交叉中和作用。然而，H. commersoni 蝙蝠对 SHIBV 的血清阳性率高于对 LBV 的血清阳性率，对 SHIBV 的病毒中和滴度也高于对 LBV 的病毒中和滴度，平均差异为 1.16 log(10)（95%置信区间[CI]：0.94-1.40；p<0.001）。R. aegyptiacus 蝙蝠的血清则观察到相反的模式，平均滴度差异为 1.06 log(10)（95% CI：0.83-1.30；p<0.001）。此外，在这些蝙蝠与 R. aegyptiacus 共生的洞穴中，H. commersoni 对 SHIBV 的血清阳性率与在没有 R. aegyptiacus 的遥远洞穴中对 SHIBV 的血清阳性率相似（分别为 18.9%和 25.0%）。这些发现表明 H. commersoni 是 SHIBV 的宿主物种。需要进一步监测以更好地了解这种病毒的生态，以及感染人类和其他哺乳动物物种的潜在风险。
