Du Liuliu, Batterman Stuart, Parker Edith, Godwin Christopher, Chin Jo-Yu, O'Toole Ashley, Robins Thomas, Brakefield-Caldwell Wilma, Lewis Toby
Donghua University, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 201620, China.
Build Environ. 2011 Oct;46(11):2303-2313. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.05.012.
Asthma can be exacerbated by environmental factors including airborne particulate matter (PM) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). We report on a study designed to characterize PM levels and the effectiveness of filters on pollutant exposures of children with asthma. 126 households with an asthmatic child in Detroit, Michigan, were recruited and randomized into control or treatment groups. Both groups received asthma education; the latter also received a free-standing high efficiency air filter placed in the child's bedroom. Information regarding the home, emission sources, and occupant activities was obtained using surveys administered to the child's caregiver and a household inspection. Over a one-week period, we measured PM, carbon dioxide (CO(2)), environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) tracers, and air exchange rates (AERs). Filters were installed at midweek. Before filter installation, PM concentrations averaged 28 µg m(-3), number concentrations averaged 70,777 and 1,471 L(-1) in 0.3-1.0 and 1-5 µm size ranges, respectively, and the median CO(2) concentration was 1,018 ppm. ETS tracers were detected in 23 of 38 homes where smoking was unrestricted and occupants included smokers and, when detected, PM concentrations were elevated by an average of 15 µg m(-3). Filter use reduced PM concentrations by an average of 69 to 80%. Simulation models representing location conditions show that filter air flow, room volume and AERs are the key parameters affecting PM removal, however, filters can achieve substantial removal in even "worst" case applications. While PM levels in homes with asthmatic children can be high, levels can be dramatically reduced using filters.
哮喘可能会因环境因素而加重，这些因素包括空气中的颗粒物（PM）和环境烟草烟雾（ETS）。我们报告了一项旨在描述PM水平以及过滤器对哮喘儿童污染物暴露的有效性的研究。在密歇根州底特律招募了126户有哮喘儿童的家庭，并将其随机分为对照组或治疗组。两组均接受哮喘教育；后者还在孩子的卧室里放置了一个独立的高效空气过滤器。通过对孩子的照顾者进行调查和进行家庭检查，获取了有关家庭、排放源和居住者活动的信息。在一周的时间里，我们测量了PM、二氧化碳（CO₂）、环境烟草烟雾（ETS）示踪剂和空气交换率（AERs）。过滤器在周中安装。在安装过滤器之前，PM浓度平均为28μg/m³，在0.3 - 1.0μm和1 - 5μm粒径范围内的数量浓度分别平均为70,777和1,471L⁻¹，CO₂浓度中位数为1,
