VA Boston Healthcare System, Research Service and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 940 Belmont St., Brockton, MA 02301-5596, USA.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2011 Nov;96(4):564-82. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.07.004. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
A substantial body of literature supports the intuitive notion that a good night's sleep can facilitate human cognitive performance the next day. Deficits in attention, learning & memory, emotional reactivity, and higher-order cognitive processes, such as executive function and decision making, have all been documented following sleep disruption in humans. Thus, whilst numerous clinical and experimental studies link human sleep disturbance to cognitive deficits, attempts to develop valid and reliable rodent models of these phenomena are fewer, and relatively more recent. This review focuses primarily on the cognitive impairments produced by sleep disruption in rodent models of several human patterns of sleep loss/sleep disturbance. Though not an exclusive list, this review will focus on four specific types of sleep disturbance: total sleep deprivation, experimental sleep fragmentation, selective REM sleep deprivation, and chronic sleep restriction. The use of rodent models can provide greater opportunities to understand the neurobiological changes underlying sleep loss induced cognitive impairments. Thus, this review concludes with a description of recent neurobiological findings concerning the neuroplastic changes and putative brain mechanisms that may underlie the cognitive deficits produced by sleep disturbances.
大量文献支持这样一种直观的观点，即良好的睡眠可以促进人类第二天的认知表现。在人类中，注意力、学习和记忆、情绪反应以及高级认知过程（如执行功能和决策）等方面的缺陷都在睡眠中断后得到了记录。因此，虽然许多临床和实验研究将人类睡眠障碍与认知缺陷联系起来，但开发这些现象的有效和可靠的啮齿动物模型的尝试较少，而且相对较新。这篇综述主要集中在几种人类睡眠缺失/睡眠障碍的啮齿动物模型中睡眠中断引起的认知障碍。虽然不是一个排他性的列表，但这篇综述将集中在四种特定类型的睡眠障碍上：完全睡眠剥夺、实验性睡眠片段化、选择性 REM 睡眠剥夺和慢性睡眠限制。使用啮齿动物模型可以提供更多机会来了解睡眠剥夺引起的认知障碍背后的神经生物学变化。因此，本综述最后描述了最近关于神经可塑性变化和潜在脑机制的神经生物学发现，这些变化和机制可能是睡眠障碍引起的认知缺陷的基础。
