Vicedo Marga
Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, 91 Charles St West, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S IK7.
Hist Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;21(82 Pt 2):190-205. doi: 10.1177/0957154x10370909.
Harlow deserves a place in the early history of evolutionary psychiatry but not, as he is commonly presented, because of his belief in the instinctual nature of the mother-infant dyad. Harlow's work on the significance of peer relationships led him to appreciate the evolutionary significance of separate affectional systems. Over time, Harlow distanced himself from the ideas of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth as well as from Konrad Lorenz's views about imprinting and instincts. Harlow's work did not lend support to Bowlby's belief in an innate need for mother love and his thesis that the mother was the child's psychic organizer. Nor did Harlow agree with Lorenz's view of instincts as biological, unmodifiable innate needs, unaffected by learning.
哈洛在进化精神病学的早期历史中应占有一席之地，但并非像人们通常所描述的那样，是因为他相信母婴二元组的本能性质。哈洛关于同伴关系重要性的研究使他认识到不同情感系统的进化意义。随着时间的推移，哈洛与约翰·鲍尔比和玛丽·安斯沃思的观点以及康拉德·洛伦兹关于印记和本能的观点渐行渐远。哈洛的研究并不支持鲍尔比认为对母爱有天生需求以及母亲是孩子心理组织者的观点。哈洛也不同意洛伦兹将本能视为生物学上不可改变的天生需求、不受学习影响的观点。
