Thompson Paul D
Section of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital Hartford, Conn, USA.
Undersea Hyperb Med. 2011 Jul-Aug;38(4):271-7.
Cardiovascular disease may be responsible for a quarter of diving fatalities, but there are few studies on the cardiovascular complications of this activity. In contrast, there is a rich literature on land-based, exercise-related cardiac events. These studies document that exercise can increase the risk of acute cardiac events, but that absolute risk is small for healthy individuals. There are no proven strategies to reduce exercise-related cardiac events and consequently no proven strategies that could be confidently applied to diving. Nevertheless, requiring a pre-diving medical evaluation and clearance for those with known cardiac disease, training dive personnel to elicit possible cardiac prodromal symptoms, and frequent emergency training for diving supervisors are prudent approaches to this problem.
心血管疾病可能导致四分之一的潜水死亡，但关于这项活动的心血管并发症的研究很少。相比之下，有大量关于陆上运动相关心脏事件的文献。这些研究表明，运动可增加急性心脏事件的风险，但对于健康个体而言，绝对风险较小。目前尚无经证实的策略可减少运动相关心脏事件，因此也没有可放心应用于潜水的经证实策略。尽管如此，要求对已知患有心脏病的人进行潜水前医学评估并获得许可，培训潜水人员以发现可能的心脏前驱症状，以及对潜水主管进行频繁的应急培训，是应对这一问题的审慎做法。
