Silver Schoolof Social Work, New York University, NY 10003, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2011 Oct;24(5):546-52. doi: 10.1002/jts.20686. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
A sample of 481 social workers from Manhattan participated in a study of the impact of the September 11, 2001 (9/11) World Trade Center (WTC) attacks. A variety of risk factors associated with posttraumatic stress and secondary trauma were examined in relation to shared traumatic stress (STS), a supraordinate construct reflecting the dual nature of exposure to traumatic events. Risk factors included attachment style, exposure to potentially traumatic life events, and enduring distress attributed to the WTC attacks. It was expected that clinicians' resilience would mediate the relationship between these risk factors and STS. Using path analytic modeling, the findings support the study's hypotheses that insecure attachment, greater exposure to potentially traumatic life events in general, and the events of 9/11 in particular are predictive of higher levels of STS. Contrary to expectation, enduring distress attributed to 9/11 was not associated with resilience. Resilience, however, was found to be a mediator of the relationships between insecure attachment, exposure to potentially traumatic life events, and STS but did not mediate the relationship between enduring distress attributed to 9/11 and STS. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
481 名来自曼哈顿的社会工作者参与了一项关于 2001 年 9 月 11 日（9/11）世界贸易中心（WTC）袭击事件影响的研究。研究考察了与共享创伤压力（STS）相关的各种与创伤后应激和二次创伤相关的风险因素，STS 是一个反映暴露于创伤性事件双重性质的上位概念。风险因素包括依恋风格、潜在创伤性生活事件的暴露以及归因于 WTC 袭击的持久痛苦。研究人员预计，临床医生的适应力将在这些风险因素与 STS 之间的关系中发挥中介作用。通过路径分析模型，研究结果支持了研究假设，即不安全的依恋、更普遍地暴露于潜在创伤性生活事件以及 9/11 事件特别预测了更高水平的 STS。与预期相反，归因于 9/11 的持久痛苦与适应力无关。然而，适应力被发现是不安全依恋、潜在创伤性生活事件和 STS 之间关系的中介，但没有中介归因于 9/11 的持久痛苦与 STS 之间的关系。讨论了对理论、研究和实践的影响。
