Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investiga-clones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
J Econ Entomol. 2011 Aug;104(4):1349-56. doi: 10.1603/ec11082.
Resistance to malathion has been reported in field populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in areas of Spain where an intensive use of this insecticide was maintained for several years. The main goal of this study was to determine whether resistance to malathion confers cross-resistance to different types of insecticides. Susceptibility bioassays showed that the malathion-resistant W-4Km strain (176-fold more resistant to malathion than the susceptible C strain) has moderate levels of cross-resistance (three- to 16-fold) to other organophosphates (trichlorphon, diazinon, phosmet and methyl-chlorpyrifos), the carbamate carbaryl, the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin, and the benzoylphenylurea derivative lufenuron, whereas cross-resistance to spinosad was below two-fold. The W-4Km strain was selected with lambda-cyhalothrin to establish the lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant W-1Klamda strain (35-fold resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin). The synergistic activity of the esterase inhibitor DEF with lambda-cyhalothrin and the increase in esterase activity in the W-1Klamda strain suggests that esterases may be involved in the development of resistance to this insecticide. Our results showed that resistance to malathion may confer some degree of cross-resistance to insecticides currently approved for the control of Mediterranean fruit fly in citrus crops (lambda-cyhalothrin, lufenuron, and methyl-chlorpyrifos). Especially relevant is the case of lambda-cyhalothrin, because we have shown that resistance to this insecticide can rapidly evolve to levels that may compromise its effectiveness in the field.
已经有报道称，在地中海实蝇（Ceratitis capitata（Wiedemann））的野外种群中对马拉硫磷产生了抗药性，这些种群位于西班牙的一些地区，这些地区多年来一直大量使用这种杀虫剂。本研究的主要目的是确定对马拉硫磷的抗性是否赋予了对不同类型杀虫剂的交叉抗性。敏感性生物测定表明，对马拉硫磷具有 176 倍抗性的 W-4Km 抗性菌株（比敏感 C 菌株对马拉硫磷的抗性高 176 倍）对其他有机磷杀虫剂（三氯膦、敌敌畏、磷胺和甲基毒死蜱）、氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂西维因、拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂 lambda-氯氰菊酯和苯甲酰基苯脲类杀虫剂 lufenuron 具有中等水平的交叉抗性（三至 16 倍），而对 spinosad 的交叉抗性低于两倍。用 lambda-氯氰菊酯选择 W-4Km 菌株以建立 lambda-氯氰菊酯抗性 W-1Klamda 菌株（对 lambda-氯氰菊酯的抗性为 35 倍）。酯酶抑制剂 DEF 与 lambda-氯氰菊酯的协同活性以及 W-1Klamda 菌株中酯酶活性的增加表明，酯酶可能参与了对这种杀虫剂的抗性发展。我们的结果表明，对马拉硫磷的抗性可能赋予了对目前批准用于控制柑橘作物中的地中海实蝇的杀虫剂（lambda-氯氰菊酯、lufenuron 和甲基毒死蜱）一定程度的交叉抗性。特别相关的是 lambda-氯氰菊酯的情况，因为我们已经表明，对这种杀虫剂的抗性可以迅速进化到可能使其在田间有效性受到损害的水平。
