Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.
Departiment of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development.
Environ Health Prev Med. 2023;28:47. doi: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00084.
Fish are a rich source of essential nutrients that protect against preterm birth. However, as fish can absorb environmental pollutants, their consumption can also increase the risk of preterm birth. This study aimed to assess whether maternal fish consumption during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth in a nationwide large Japanese cohort that consumed relatively high amounts and many types of fish.
This study included 81,428 mother-child pairs enrolled in a nationwide prospective Japanese birth cohort study. Fish consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association of total consumption of fish, fatty fish and lean fish, fish paste, and seafood and clams with preterm birth, adjusted for potential confounders.
There was no association between overall fish consumption and preterm births. However, the highest quintile of fish paste consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (odds ratio [OR]: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.04, 1.17]). The consumption of baked fish paste at least three times per week was significantly associated with preterm birth (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.40). Consumption of other types of fish, except fish paste, was not significantly associated with preterm birth risk.
Fish paste consumption may increase the risk of preterm birth. Further studies are required to confirm this association.
鱼类是富含必需营养素的食物来源，这些营养素可预防早产。然而，由于鱼类可以吸收环境污染物，因此其食用也可能增加早产的风险。本研究旨在评估在食用大量且种类繁多的鱼类的日本全国性大型队列中，孕妇在怀孕期间食用鱼类是否与早产有关。
本研究纳入了 81428 对母婴对子，他们参加了一项全国性的前瞻性日本出生队列研究。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估鱼类的食用情况。采用多变量逻辑回归来调查总鱼类、高脂肪鱼类和低脂肪鱼类、鱼糜、海鲜和贝类的食用量与早产之间的关联，同时调整了潜在混杂因素。
总鱼类食用量与早产之间无关联。然而，食用鱼糜量最高的五分位数与早产风险增加显著相关（比值比 [OR]：1.11；95%置信区间 [CI]：1.04，1.17）。每周至少食用三次烤鱼糜与早产显著相关（OR：1.20；95% CI：1.03，1.40）。除鱼糜以外的其他类型的鱼的食用与早产风险无显著关联。
食用鱼糜可能会增加早产的风险。需要进一步的研究来证实这种关联。
