Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Italy.
Dev Sci. 2011 Sep;14(5):1012-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01048.x. Epub 2011 Jun 4.
The problem of how to distribute available resources among members of a group is a central aspect of social life. Adults react negatively to inequitable distributions and several studies have reported negative reactions to inequity also in non-human primates and dogs. We report two experiments on infants' reactions to equal and unequal distributions. In two experiments, infants' looking times and manual choices provide, for the first time, converging evidence suggesting that infants aged 12 to 18 months (mean age 16 months) attend to the outcomes of distributive actions to evaluate agents' actions and to reason about agents' dispositions. The results provide support for recent theoretical proposals on the developmental roots of social evaluation skills and a sense of fairness.
如何在群体成员之间分配可用资源是社会生活的一个核心方面。成年人对不公平的分配会做出负面反应，多项研究报告称，非人类灵长类动物和狗也会对不公平做出负面反应。我们报告了两项关于婴儿对平等和不平等分配的反应的实验。在两项实验中，婴儿的注视时间和手动选择提供了首次一致的证据，表明 12 至 18 个月大的婴儿（平均年龄为 16 个月）关注分配行为的结果，以评估行为者的行为，并对行为者的行为进行推理。这些结果为社会评价技能和公平感的发展根源的最新理论建议提供了支持。
