Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
J Clin Nurs. 2012 Apr;21(7-8):1155-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03833.x. Epub 2011 Sep 2.
The aim of this study was to compare patients' and nurses' perceptions of individualised care in five European countries, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Finland, Greece and Hungary.
Individualised nursing care has been studied from both patients' and nurses' perspectives, but to date, there are no studies comparing these perspectives internationally.
A cross-sectional comparative survey design was used. Data were collected from nurses (n = 960; response rate, 79%) and patients (n = 1315; response rate, 78%) in 71 surgical units from 26 acute hospitals in 2009. Data were collected using two Individualised Care Scales (ICS-Nurse and ICS-Patient) and analysed statistically using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Differences in patients' and nurses' assessments of individualised nursing care were found between each country. Nurses, compared with patients, assessed that they supported patient individuality more often. The Mean(nurses) ranged from 3·61 (SD 0·90, Greece)-4·31 (SD 0·53, Hungary), and the Mean(patients) ranged from 3·05 (SD 1·09, Greece)-3·79 (SD 1·00, Cyprus). To a large extent, the care provided was individualised as defined by the Mean(nurses) 3·75 (SD 0·92, Greece)-4·36 (SD 0·49, Hungary) and the Mean(patients) 3·41 (SD 0·95, Greece)-4·18 (SD 0·79, Cyprus). In Cyprus and Finland, patients' assessments of the individuality in their care corresponded well with nurses' assessments. Clear between-country differences in both patients' and nurses' assessments were found in both subscales of the ICS.
An in-depth analysis of the European between-country differences is required to define the causes of differences that may be due to the differing content of education, the organisation of nursing work, ideology and values assigned to individualised care and health care systems and processes in each country.
Obtaining both patients' and nurses' assessments of individualised care may facilitate the further development of individualised nursing care and be used to help to harmonise European health care processes and nursing care.
本研究旨在比较欧洲五个国家（捷克共和国、塞浦路斯、芬兰、希腊和匈牙利）的患者和护士对个体化护理的认知。
个体化护理已从患者和护士的角度进行了研究，但迄今为止，尚无国际比较这些观点的研究。
采用横断面比较调查设计。2009 年，从 26 家急性医院的 71 个外科病房中，共收集了 960 名护士（应答率为 79%）和 1315 名患者（应答率为 78%）的数据。使用两个个体化护理量表（护士个体化护理量表和患者个体化护理量表）收集数据，并使用描述性和推断性统计进行分析。
在每个国家中，都发现了患者和护士对个体化护理评估的差异。与患者相比，护士更频繁地评估他们支持患者的个性。护士的平均评分为 3.61（标准差 0.90，希腊）-4.31（标准差 0.53，匈牙利），患者的平均评分为 3.05（标准差 1.09，希腊）-3.79（标准差 1.00，塞浦路斯）。在很大程度上，根据护士的平均评分为 3.75（标准差 0.92，希腊）-4.36（标准差 0.49，匈牙利）和患者的平均评分为 3.41（标准差 0.95，希腊）-4.18（标准差 0.79，塞浦路斯），所提供的护理是个体化的。在塞浦路斯和芬兰，患者对护理个性化的评估与护士的评估相符。在个体化护理量表的两个分量表中，都发现了患者和护士评估之间存在明显的国家间差异。
需要对欧洲国家间的差异进行深入分析，以确定差异的原因，这些差异可能是由于教育内容、护理工作组织、赋予个体化护理的意识形态和价值观以及每个国家的医疗保健系统和流程的不同造成的。
获取患者和护士对个体化护理的评估，可能有助于进一步发展个体化护理，并有助于协调欧洲医疗保健流程和护理服务。
