Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan.
Chemosphere. 2011 Nov;85(8):1340-6. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.052. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
To efficiently reduce perfluorinated compound (PFC) pollution, it is important to have an understanding of PFC sources and their contribution to the pollution. In this study, source identification of diffuse water pollution by PFCs was conducted using a GIS-based approach. Major components of the source identification were collection of the monitoring data and preparation of the corresponding geographic information that was extracted from a constructed GIS database. The spatially distributed pollution factors were then explored by multiple linear regression analysis, after which they were visually expressed using GIS. Among the 35 PFC homologues measured in a survey of the Tokyo Bay basin, 18 homologues were analyzed. Pollution by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was explained well by the percentage of arterial traffic area in the basin, and the 84% variance of the measured PFOS concentration was explained by two geographic variables, arterial traffic area and population. Source apportionment between point and nonpoint sources was conducted based on the results of the analysis. The contribution of PFOS from nonpoint sources was comparable to that from point sources in several major rivers flowing into Tokyo Bay. Source identification and apportionment using the GIS-based approach was shown to be effective, especially for ubiquitous types of pollution, such as PFC pollution.
为了有效地减少全氟化合物 (PFC) 的污染，了解 PFC 的来源及其对污染的贡献非常重要。在本研究中，采用基于 GIS 的方法对 PFC 造成的弥散水污染的来源进行了识别。来源识别的主要组成部分包括监测数据的收集和相应地理信息的准备，这些信息是从构建的 GIS 数据库中提取出来的。然后，通过多元线性回归分析对空间分布的污染因子进行了探讨，之后使用 GIS 对其进行了直观的表达。在对东京湾盆地进行的调查中，对 35 种 PFC 同系物进行了测量，其中分析了 18 种同系物。流域内动脉交通区域的比例很好地解释了全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS) 的污染情况，通过两个地理变量——动脉交通区域和人口——可以解释测量的 PFOS 浓度的 84%的方差。根据分析结果对点源和非点源进行了源分配。在流入东京湾的几条主要河流中，PFOS 来自非点源的贡献与来自点源的贡献相当。结果表明，基于 GIS 的方法进行的来源识别和分配非常有效，特别是对于全氟化合物等普遍存在的污染类型。
