Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 3900 Fifth Avenue, Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
Health Place. 2011 Nov;17(6):1274-83. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.02.006. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
The present study explored whether perceived neighborhood environmental attributes associated with physical activity differ by neighborhood income. Adults aged 20-65 years (n=2199; 48% female; mean age=45 years; 26% ethnic minority) were recruited from 32 neighborhoods from the Seattle, WA and Baltimore, MD regions that varied in objectively measured walkability and neighborhood income. Perceived built and social environment variables were assessed with the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. There were neighborhood income disparities on 10 of 15 variables. Residents from high-income neighborhoods reported more favorable esthetics, pedestrian/biking facilities, safety from traffic, safety from crime, and access to recreation facilities than residents of low-income areas (all p's <0.001). Low-income neighborhoods may lack amenities and safety attributes that can facilitate high levels of physical activity for both transportation and recreation purposes.
本研究探讨了感知到的与体力活动相关的邻里环境属性是否因邻里收入而异。从华盛顿州西雅图和马里兰州巴尔的摩地区的 32 个邻里招募了年龄在 20-65 岁的成年人（48%为女性；平均年龄为 45 岁；26%为少数民族），这些邻里的可步行性和邻里收入在客观上存在差异。使用邻里环境步行性量表评估感知到的建筑和社会环境变量。在 15 个变量中有 10 个存在邻里收入差距。与低收入地区的居民相比，高收入地区的居民报告说，他们的邻里环境在美观、行人/自行车设施、交通安全性、犯罪安全性和娱乐设施可达性等方面更为有利（所有 p 值均<0.001）。低收入社区可能缺乏便利设施和安全属性，这些属性可以促进高水平的体力活动，无论是用于交通还是娱乐目的。
