Bioanalysis Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
Forensic Sci Int. 2011 Dec 10;213(1-3):42-8. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.07.029. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
Aerobic sport performance may be strongly influenced by the number of red blood cells available for transport and delivery of oxygen from lungs to muscles. Often, athletes search for an acute increase in red blood cells by means of blood transfusions. This paper reviews the possibilities for detecting such prohibited practice. Flow cytometry methods are able to detect a double population of red blood cell membrane surface antigens, thus revealing an allogeneic transfusion. Other ingenious approaches for total hemoglobin mass measurements or to test for the metabolites of blood bag plasticizers in urine are new trends for facing the detection of autologous transfusions. Steady increase of red blood cell number may be obtained also by erythropoietic stimulant agents such as erythropoietin, analogs and mimetics. The challenge of detecting those substances has stimulated the development of indirect markers of altered erythropoiesis, leading to the consequent development of the hematological blood passport approach, which is gaining legal acceptance.
有氧运动表现可能受到肺部向肌肉输送氧气的可用红细胞数量的强烈影响。通常，运动员通过输血来寻求红细胞的急性增加。本文综述了检测这种禁用做法的可能性。流式细胞术方法能够检测到红细胞膜表面抗原的双群体，从而揭示同种异体输血。其他巧妙的方法，如总血红蛋白质量测量或检测尿液中血袋增塑剂代谢物，是应对自身输血检测的新趋势。红细胞生成刺激剂（如促红细胞生成素、类似物和模拟物）也可使红细胞数量稳定增加。检测这些物质的挑战刺激了改变的红细胞生成的间接标志物的发展，导致随后发展出血液学血液护照方法，该方法正在获得法律认可。
