Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, United States.
Neuropsychologia. 2011 Oct;49(12):3439-47. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.08.019. Epub 2011 Aug 26.
Contextual cueing refers to the facilitated ability to locate a particular visual element in a scene due to prior exposure to the same scene. This facilitation is thought to reflect implicit learning, as it typically occurs without the observer's knowledge that scenes repeat. Unlike most other implicit learning effects, contextual cueing can be impaired following damage to the medial temporal lobe. Here we investigated neural correlates of contextual cueing and explicit scene memory in two participant groups. Only one group was explicitly instructed about scene repetition. Participants viewed a sequence of complex scenes that depicted a landscape with five abstract geometric objects. Superimposed on each object was a letter T or L rotated left or right by 90°. Participants responded according to the target letter (T) orientation. Responses were highly accurate for all scenes. Response speeds were faster for repeated versus novel scenes. The magnitude of this contextual cueing did not differ between the two groups. Also, in both groups repeated scenes yielded reduced hemodynamic activation compared with novel scenes in several regions involved in visual perception and attention, and reductions in some of these areas were correlated with response-time facilitation. In the group given instructions about scene repetition, recognition memory for scenes was superior and was accompanied by medial temporal and more anterior activation. Thus, strategic factors can promote explicit memorization of visual scene information, which appears to engage additional neural processing beyond what is required for implicit learning of object configurations and target locations in a scene.
语境线索是指由于先前暴露于相同场景而能够更轻松地在场景中定位特定视觉元素的能力。这种促进作用被认为反映了内隐学习，因为它通常是在观察者不知道场景重复的情况下发生的。与大多数其他内隐学习效应不同，语境线索可以在中颞叶损伤后受损。在这里，我们研究了两个参与者群体的语境线索和显式场景记忆的神经相关性。只有一组被明确告知场景重复。参与者观看了一系列复杂的场景，这些场景描绘了一个带有五个抽象几何物体的景观。每个物体上都叠加了一个字母 T 或 L，向左或向右旋转 90°。参与者根据目标字母（T）的方向做出响应。对于所有场景，响应都非常准确。与新场景相比，重复场景的响应速度更快。两组之间的这种语境线索的幅度没有差异。此外，在两组中，与新场景相比，重复场景在几个涉及视觉感知和注意力的区域中产生的血液动力学激活减少，并且这些区域中的一些减少与响应时间促进有关。在被指示注意场景重复的组中，对场景的记忆识别更好，并且伴随着内侧颞叶和更靠前的激活。因此，策略因素可以促进对视觉场景信息的显式记忆，这似乎需要比场景中对象配置和目标位置的内隐学习更多的神经处理。
