Chakraborty Abhijit, Kundu Biswanath, Basu Debabrata, Pal Tamal Kanti, Nandi Samit Kumar
Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kolkata, India.
Indian J Dent Res. 2011 Mar-Apr;22(2):277-84. doi: 10.4103/0970-9290.84304.
Using implants for dental applications are well-accepted procedures as one of the solutions for periodontal defect repair. Suitable design and materials, their reaction with the surrounding hard tissues and interfacial biomechanical properties are still considered to be the primary criteria which need to be addressed systematically. In the present study, a thorough and systemic approach was made to identify a suitable implant, considering the above criteria after both in vitro and in vivo animal trials.
Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) implants, with thread and without thread models, were implanted to the mid-metaphysial portion of the tibia of the right hind leg of three white Australian Chinchilla rabbit species and their effects and response to the surrounding bone were investigated. Parameters studied included hematological and biochemical features (serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium), both preoperatively and postoperatively, consecutively for 7 days and after 1-3 months. The interfacial integrity and compositional variation along the interface were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) and histopathology from 1 to 3 months consecutively. Finally, biomechanical properties were studied with the help of push-out test.
Bone remineralization started through the process of electro-physiological ionic exchanges, which helps in formation of osteoblastic cells in the area of bony injury. The SEM-EDAX results confirmed the initial stability for the Ti (with thread) implant, but the regeneration of new bone formation was faster in the case of Ti (Without thread) implant, and hence could be used for faster healing. These have also been substantiated through push-out and histopathlogical tests.
From the physico-chemical and biomechanical observations, it was found that that smooth type implants were well accepted in the physiological condition although chances of elemental leaching from the surface were also observed. Increase of the surface roughness can help into the formation of physico-chemical bondage with the surrounding hard tissues.
使用植入物进行牙科应用是被广泛接受的牙周缺损修复解决方案之一。合适的设计和材料、它们与周围硬组织的反应以及界面生物力学性能仍然被认为是需要系统解决的主要标准。在本研究中，在体外和体内动物试验后，考虑上述标准，采用了一种全面而系统的方法来确定合适的植入物。
将带螺纹和不带螺纹模型的钛合金（Ti-6Al-4V）植入物植入三只澳大利亚白色龙猫兔右后肢胫骨的中干骺端部分，并研究其对周围骨骼的影响和反应。研究参数包括术前和术后连续7天以及1至3个月后的血液学和生化特征（血清碱性磷酸酶和钙）。连续1至3个月使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结合X射线能谱分析（EDAX）和组织病理学研究界面完整性和沿界面的成分变化。最后，借助推出试验研究生物力学性能。
骨再矿化通过电生理离子交换过程开始，这有助于在骨损伤区域形成成骨细胞。SEM-EDAX结果证实了Ti（带螺纹）植入物的初始稳定性，但Ti（不带螺纹）植入物的新骨形成再生更快，因此可用于更快愈合。这些也通过推出试验和组织病理学试验得到了证实。
从物理化学和生物力学观察中发现，光滑型植入物在生理条件下被很好地接受，尽管也观察到有元素从表面浸出的可能性。表面粗糙度的增加有助于与周围硬组织形成物理化学结合。
