Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
Water Res. 2012 Apr 1;46(5):1349-63. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.002. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
Cyanobacteria are the Earth's oldest (∼3.5 bya) oxygen evolving organisms, and they have had major impacts on shaping our modern-day biosphere. Conversely, biospheric environmental perturbations, including nutrient enrichment and climatic changes (e.g. global warming, hydrologic changes, increased frequencies and intensities of tropical cyclones, more intense and persistent droughts), strongly affect cyanobacterial growth and bloom potentials in freshwater and marine ecosystems. We examined human and climatic controls on harmful (toxic, hypoxia-generating, food web disrupting) bloom-forming cyanobacteria (CyanoHABs) along the freshwater to marine continuum. These changes may act synergistically to promote cyanobacterial dominance and persistence. This synergy is a formidable challenge to water quality, water supply and fisheries managers, because bloom potentials and controls may be altered in response to contemporaneous changes in thermal and hydrologic regimes. In inland waters, hydrologic modifications, including enhanced vertical mixing and, if water supplies permit, increased flushing (reducing residence time) will likely be needed in systems where nutrient input reductions are neither feasible nor possible. Successful control of CyanoHABs by grazers is unlikely except in specific cases. Overall, stricter nutrient management will likely be the most feasible and practical approach to long-term CyanoHAB control in a warmer, stormier and more extreme world.
蓝藻是地球上最早的（约 35 亿年前）产氧生物，它们对塑造现代生物圈产生了重大影响。相反，包括营养物质富化和气候变化（如全球变暖、水文变化、热带气旋的频率和强度增加、更强烈和持续的干旱）在内的生物圈环境干扰强烈影响着淡水和海洋生态系统中蓝藻的生长和爆发潜力。我们研究了人类和气候对沿淡水到海洋连续体形成有害（有毒、产生缺氧、破坏食物网）水华的蓝藻（CyanoHABs）的控制作用。这些变化可能会协同作用，促进蓝藻的优势和持续存在。这种协同作用对水质、供水和渔业管理人员来说是一个巨大的挑战，因为水华的潜力和控制可能会因热和水文条件的同时变化而发生改变。在内陆水域，水文变化，包括增强垂直混合，如果供水允许，增加冲洗（减少停留时间），在营养物质输入减少既不可行也不可能的系统中可能是必要的。除了在特定情况下，食草动物对 CyanoHABs 的成功控制是不太可能的。总的来说，在一个更温暖、暴风雨和更极端的世界里，更严格的营养管理可能是长期控制 CyanoHAB 的最可行和实用的方法。
