Australian Rivers Institute, and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA.
Harmful Algae. 2020 Jan;91:101601. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.04.004. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (=cyanoHABs) are an increasing feature of many waterbodies throughout the world. Many bloom-forming species produce toxins, making them of particular concern for drinking water supplies, recreation and fisheries in waterbodies along the freshwater to marine continuum. Global changes resulting from human impacts, such as climate change, over-enrichment and hydrological alterations of waterways, are major drivers of cyanoHAB proliferation and persistence. This review advocates that to better predict and manage cyanoHABs in a changing world, researchers need to leverage studies undertaken to date, but adopt a more complex and definitive suite of experiments, observations, and models which can effectively capture the temporal scales of processes driven by eutrophication and a changing climate. Better integration of laboratory culture and field experiments, as well as whole system and multiple-system studies are needed to improve confidence in models predicting impacts of climate change and anthropogenic over-enrichment and hydrological modifications. Recent studies examining adaptation of species and strains to long-term perturbations, e.g. temperature and carbon dioxide (CO) levels, as well as incorporating multi-species and multi-stressor approaches emphasize the limitations of approaches focused on single stressors and individual species. There are also emerging species of concern, such as toxic benthic cyanobacteria, for which the effects of global change are less well understood, and require more detailed study. This review provides approaches and examples of studies tackling the challenging issue of understanding how global changes will affect cyanoHABs, and identifies critical information needs for effective prediction and management.
有害的蓝藻水华（= 藻华）是世界各地许多水体日益突出的特征。许多形成水华的物种会产生毒素，这使得它们对饮用水供应、水体娱乐和渔业特别令人担忧，这些水体沿淡水到海洋连续体分布。人为影响导致的全球变化，如气候变化、水体富营养化和水文变化，是藻华增殖和持续存在的主要驱动因素。本综述主张，为了在不断变化的世界中更好地预测和管理藻华，研究人员需要利用迄今为止进行的研究，但采用更复杂和明确的实验、观察和模型套件，这些套件可以有效地捕捉富营养化和气候变化驱动的过程的时间尺度。需要更好地整合实验室培养和现场实验，以及整个系统和多系统研究，以提高对气候变化和人为富营养化及水文变化影响预测模型的信心。最近的研究检查了物种和菌株对长期干扰（如温度和二氧化碳（CO）水平）的适应，以及纳入多物种和多胁迫方法，强调了关注单一胁迫和单一物种的方法的局限性。还有一些值得关注的新兴物种，例如有毒底栖蓝藻，它们对全球变化的影响还不太了解，需要更详细的研究。本综述提供了处理理解全球变化将如何影响藻华这一具有挑战性问题的方法和研究示例，并确定了有效预测和管理所需的关键信息需求。
