Washington University in Saint Louis, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 1125, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2011 Sep;130(3):1663-72. doi: 10.1121/1.3613930.
Much research has explored how spoken word recognition is influenced by the architecture and dynamics of the mental lexicon (e.g., Luce and Pisoni, 1998; McClelland and Elman, 1986). A more recent question is whether the processes underlying word recognition are unique to the auditory domain, or whether visually perceived (lipread) speech may also be sensitive to the structure of the mental lexicon (Auer, 2002; Mattys, Bernstein, and Auer, 2002). The current research was designed to test the hypothesis that both aurally and visually perceived spoken words are isolated in the mental lexicon as a function of their modality-specific perceptual similarity to other words. Lexical competition (the extent to which perceptually similar words influence recognition of a stimulus word) was quantified using metrics that are well-established in the literature, as well as a statistical method for calculating perceptual confusability based on the phi-square statistic. Both auditory and visual spoken word recognition were influenced by modality-specific lexical competition as well as stimulus word frequency. These findings extend the scope of activation-competition models of spoken word recognition and reinforce the hypothesis (Auer, 2002; Mattys et al., 2002) that perceptual and cognitive properties underlying spoken word recognition are not specific to the auditory domain. In addition, the results support the use of the phi-square statistic as a better predictor of lexical competition than metrics currently used in models of spoken word recognition.
大量研究探讨了口语识别如何受到心理词汇的结构和动态的影响（例如，Luce 和 Pisoni，1998； McClelland 和 Elman，1986）。最近的一个问题是，构成单词识别的过程是否仅适用于听觉领域，或者视觉感知（唇读）的言语是否也对心理词汇的结构敏感（Auer，2002；Mattys、Bernstein 和 Auer，2002）。当前的研究旨在检验以下假设：听觉和视觉感知的口语单词在心理词汇中是作为其与其他单词的特定于模态的感知相似性的函数而分离的。使用在文献中得到很好确立的度量标准以及基于卡方统计量计算感知混淆度的统计方法来量化词汇竞争（感知相似的单词对刺激单词识别的影响程度）。听觉和视觉口语识别都受到特定于模态的词汇竞争以及刺激单词频率的影响。这些发现扩展了口语识别的激活竞争模型的范围，并强化了以下假设（Auer，2002；Mattys 等人，2002），即口语识别的感知和认知特性不是特定于听觉领域的。此外，结果支持使用卡方统计量作为比口语识别模型中当前使用的度量标准更好的词汇竞争预测指标。
