Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2011 Nov;47(6):1633-45. doi: 10.1037/a0025327. Epub 2011 Sep 5.
In the current study, based on a sample of 1,873 adolescents between 11.4 and 20.9 years of age from the first 3 waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we investigated the longitudinal effects of future orientation on levels of and developmental changes in problem behaviors, while controlling for the effects by impulsivity; we also tested the moderating effects by future orientation on the impulsivity-problem behaviors link over time. Additionally, we examined future orientation operationalized by items measuring education, marriage, and life domains. Findings based on growth curve analyses provided evidence of longitudinal effects by education and life future orientation on both levels of and developmental changes in problem behaviors; the effect of marriage future orientation was not significant for either test. In addition, only life future orientation moderated the effect by impulsivity on levels of problem behaviors over time. More specifically, impulsivity had a weaker effect on levels of problem behaviors over time for adolescents who reported higher levels of life future orientation.
在本研究中，我们基于全国青少年健康纵向研究的前 3 波中 11.4 至 20.9 岁的 1873 名青少年的样本，在控制冲动性影响的情况下，调查了未来取向对问题行为水平和发展变化的纵向影响；我们还通过未来取向检验了时间上冲动-问题行为关系的调节作用。此外，我们通过衡量教育、婚姻和生活领域的项目来操作未来取向。基于增长曲线分析的研究结果提供了证据，证明了教育和生活未来取向对问题行为水平和发展变化都有纵向影响；婚姻未来取向的影响在两个测试中均不显著。此外，只有生活未来取向调节了冲动性对问题行为水平随时间变化的影响。更具体地说，对于报告生活未来取向较高的青少年来说，冲动性对问题行为水平的影响随着时间的推移而减弱。
