歧视是均等的机会风险吗？：黑人和白人成年人的种族经历、社会经济地位和健康状况。

Is discrimination an equal opportunity risk?: racial experiences, socioeconomic status, and health status among black and white adults.

机构信息

Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.

出版信息

J Health Soc Behav. 2011 Sep;52(3):365-82. doi: 10.1177/0022146511405336.

Abstract

Using the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we explore the relationship between racial awareness, perceived discrimination, and self-rated health among black (n = 5,902) and white (n = 28,451) adults. We find that adjusting for group differences in racial awareness and discrimination, in addition to socioeconomic status, explains the black-white gap in self-rated health. However, logistic regression models also find evidence for differential vulnerability among black and whites adults, based on socioeconomic status. While both groups are equally harmed by emotional and/or physical reactions to race-based treatment, the negative consequences of discriminatory experiences for black adults are exacerbated by their poorer socioeconomic standing. In contrast, the association between racial awareness and self-rated health is more sensitive to socioeconomic standing among whites. Poorer health is more likely to occur among whites when they reflect at least daily on their own racial status-but only when it happens in tandem with mid-range educational achievement, or among homemakers.

摘要

利用 2004 年行为风险因素监测系统，我们探讨了黑人和白人成年人（黑人 n=5902，白人 n=28451）中种族意识、感知歧视与自评健康之间的关系。我们发现，在调整了种族意识和歧视方面的群体差异以及社会经济地位之后，仍可以解释自评健康方面的黑人和白人之间的差距。然而，逻辑回归模型还发现，基于社会经济地位，黑人和白人成年人都存在不同程度的脆弱性。虽然两组人都会因种族对待产生的情绪和/或身体反应而受到伤害，但对于黑人成年人来说，歧视经历的负面影响会因较差的社会经济地位而加剧。相比之下，种族意识与自评健康之间的关系在白人中对社会经济地位更为敏感。当白人每天至少反思自己的种族地位时——但只有当这种情况与中等教育程度同时发生，或者是家庭主妇时，他们更有可能健康状况不佳。