IHSM La Mayora-CSIC, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain.
PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023979. Epub 2011 Aug 25.
Increasing germplasm erosion requires the recovery and conservation of traditional cultivars before they disappear. Here we present a particular case in Spain where a thorough prospection of local fruit tree species was performed in the 1950s with detailed data of the origin of each genotype but, unfortunately, the accessions are no longer conserved in ex situ germplasm collections. However, for most of those cultivars, an old stone collection is still preserved. In order to analyze the diversity present at the time when the prospection was made and to which extent variability has been eroded, we developed a protocol in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) to obtain DNA from maternal tissues of the stones of a sufficient quality to be amplified by PCR. The results obtained have been compared with the results from the profiles developed from apricot cultivars currently conserved in ex situ germplasm collections. The results highlight the fact that most of the old accessions are not conserved ex situ but provide a tool to prioritize the recovery of particular cultivars. The approach used in this work can also be applied to other plant species where seeds have been preserved.
种质资源流失加剧，要求在传统品种消失之前对其进行回收和保护。本文以西班牙的一个具体案例为例，20 世纪 50 年代对当地果树品种进行了全面普查，详细记录了每个基因型的起源，但遗憾的是，这些品种的材料已不在离体种质库中保存。然而，对于大多数品种，仍然保存着古老的石质材料。为了分析当时进行普查时的多样性程度以及变异程度，我们在杏（Prunus armeniaca L.）中开发了一种从石质母组织中提取 DNA 的方法，这些 DNA 的质量足以通过 PCR 进行扩增。将获得的结果与目前保存在离体种质库中的杏品种的特征谱进行比较。结果表明，大多数古老的品种并未在离体条件下保存，但为优先恢复特定品种提供了一种工具。本研究中使用的方法也可应用于保存了种子的其他植物物种。
