Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Oral Dis. 2012 Mar;18(2):109-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01851.x. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
Every human body contains a personalized microbiome that is essential to maintaining health but capable of eliciting disease. The oral microbiome is particularly imperative to health because it can cause both oral and systemic disease. The oral microbiome rests within biofilms throughout the oral cavity, forming an ecosystem that maintains health when in equilibrium. However, certain ecological shifts in the microbiome allow pathogens to manifest and cause disease. Severe forms of oral disease may result in systemic disease at different body sites. Microbiomics and metagenomics are two fields of research that have emerged to identify the presence of specific microbes in the body and understand the nature of the microbiome activity during both health and disease. The analysis of the microbiome and its genomes will pave the way for more effective therapeutic and diagnostic techniques and, ultimately, contribute to the development of personalized medicine and personalized dental medicine.
每个人体都含有一个个性化的微生物组，它对维持健康至关重要，但也可能引发疾病。口腔微生物组对健康尤其重要，因为它既可以引起口腔疾病，也可以引起全身系统性疾病。口腔微生物组存在于口腔内的生物膜中，形成一个生态系统，在平衡时维持健康。然而，微生物组中的某些生态变化会使病原体显现并导致疾病。严重的口腔疾病可能会导致不同身体部位的系统性疾病。微生物组学和宏基因组学是两个新兴的研究领域，用于识别体内特定微生物的存在，并了解健康和疾病期间微生物组活动的性质。对微生物组及其基因组的分析将为更有效的治疗和诊断技术铺平道路，并最终有助于个性化医学和个性化牙科医学的发展。
