Marsh P D
1 Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Adv Dent Res. 2018 Feb;29(1):60-65. doi: 10.1177/0022034517735295.
The oral microbiome is natural and has a symbiotic relationship with the host by delivering important benefits. In oral health, a dynamic balance is reached between the host, the environment, and the microbiome. However, the frequent intake of sugar and/or reductions in saliva flow results in extended periods of low pH in the biofilm, which disrupts this symbiotic relationship. Such conditions inhibit the growth of beneficial species and drive the selection of bacteria with an acid-producing/acid-tolerating phenotype, thereby increasing the risk of caries (dysbiosis). A more detailed understanding of the interdependencies and interactions that exist among the resident microbiota in dental biofilms, and an increased awareness of the relationship between the host and the oral microbiome, is providing new insights and fresh opportunities to promote symbiosis and prevent dysbiosis. These include modifying the oral microbiome (e.g., with prebiotics and probiotics), manipulating the oral environment to selectively favor the growth of beneficial species, and moderating the growth and metabolism of the biofilm to reduce the likelihood of dysbiosis. Evidence is provided to suggest that the regular provision of interventions that deliver small but relevant benefits, consistently over a prolonged period, can support the maintenance of a symbiotic oral microbiome.
口腔微生物群是天然存在的，通过提供重要益处与宿主形成共生关系。在口腔健康方面，宿主、环境和微生物群之间达到了动态平衡。然而，频繁摄入糖分和/或唾液分泌减少会导致生物膜中长时间处于低pH值状态，从而破坏这种共生关系。这种情况会抑制有益菌的生长，并促使具有产酸/耐酸表型的细菌被选择出来，进而增加龋齿风险（生态失调）。对牙菌斑中常驻微生物群之间存在的相互依存关系和相互作用有更详细的了解，以及对宿主与口腔微生物群之间关系的认识不断提高，为促进共生和预防生态失调提供了新的见解和机会。这些措施包括改变口腔微生物群（如使用益生元和益生菌）、控制口腔环境以选择性地促进有益菌生长，以及调节生物膜的生长和代谢以降低生态失调的可能性。有证据表明，长期持续提供虽小但相关的益处的干预措施，可以支持维持共生的口腔微生物群。
