Otto William R, Wright Nicholas A
Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK.
Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2011 Sep 8;4:20. doi: 10.1186/1755-1536-4-20.
There is currently much interest in adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their ability to differentiate into other cell types, and to partake in the anatomy and physiology of remote organs. It is now clear these cells may be purified from several organs in the body besides bone marrow. MSCs take part in wound healing by contributing to myofibroblast and possibly fibroblast populations, and may be involved in epithelial tissue regeneration in certain organs, although this remains more controversial. In this review, we examine the ability of MSCs to modulate liver, kidney, heart and intestinal repair, and we update their opposing qualities of being less immunogenic and therefore tolerated in a transplant situation, yet being able to contribute to xenograft models of human tumour formation in other contexts. However, such observations have not been replicated in the clinic. Recent studies showing the clinical safety of MSC in several pathologies are discussed. The possible opposing powers of MSC need careful understanding and control if their clinical potential is to be realised with long-term safety for patients.
目前，成人间充质干细胞（MSC）及其分化为其他细胞类型、参与远端器官解剖和生理过程的能力备受关注。现在已经明确，除了骨髓之外，这些细胞还可以从身体的多个器官中纯化得到。MSC通过促进肌成纤维细胞以及可能的成纤维细胞群体参与伤口愈合，并且可能参与某些器官的上皮组织再生，尽管这一点仍存在较多争议。在这篇综述中，我们研究了MSC调节肝脏、肾脏、心脏和肠道修复的能力，并更新了它们在移植情况下免疫原性较低因而可被耐受，但在其他情况下又能够促进人类肿瘤形成异种移植模型的矛盾特性。然而，此类观察结果尚未在临床中得到验证。本文还讨论了近期显示MSC在多种病症中临床安全性的研究。如果要在确保患者长期安全的前提下实现MSC的临床潜力，就需要仔细了解并控制其可能存在的矛盾作用。
