Baillie S M, Brunton D H
Institute of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.
Parasitology. 2011 Dec;138(14):1843-51. doi: 10.1017/S0031182011001491. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
Understanding the origin of invasive parasites and ecological transmission barriers on the distribution of mosquito-borne pathogens is enriched by molecular phylogenetic approaches now that large databases are becoming available. Here we assess the biogeographical relationships among haemosporidian blood parasites and an avian host, the New Zealand bellbird (Meliphagidae, Anthornis melanura). Four Plasmodium haplotypes were identified among 93 infected bellbirds (693 screened) using nested PCR of a mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene fragment. The most common lineage, LIN1 (11%), is confined to northern New Zealand and falls within a known clade of Plasmodium (subgenus Novyella) sp. infecting Australian meliphagids. LIN1 differs within that clade by 4 9% sequence divergence suggestive of an endemic lineage to New Zealand. The most widespread lineage, LIN2 (2%), is an exact match with a global cosmopolitan (P. elongatum GRW06). Two rare lineages, LIN3 and LIN4 are less abundant, geographically restricted within New Zealand and have <1% sequence divergence with P. (Novyella) sp. (AFTRU08) and P. relictum (LINOLI01) documented from Africa. For the first time, we provide invaluable information on possible rates of entry of invading parasites in New Zealand and their distribution from temperate to cold environments.
鉴于大型数据库日益可用，分子系统发育方法丰富了我们对侵入性寄生虫的起源以及生态传播障碍对蚊媒病原体分布影响的理解。在此，我们评估了血孢子虫血液寄生虫与一种鸟类宿主——新西兰铃鸟（吸蜜鸟科，黑背吸蜜鸟）之间的生物地理关系。利用线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因片段的巢式PCR，在93只受感染的铃鸟（共筛查693只）中鉴定出四种疟原虫单倍型。最常见的谱系LIN1（占11%）局限于新西兰北部，属于已知的疟原虫（诺维耶拉亚属）物种分支，该分支感染澳大利亚的吸蜜鸟。LIN1在该分支内的序列差异为4%至9%，表明它是新西兰的特有谱系。分布最广的谱系LIN2（占2%）与全球分布的（长尾疟原虫GRW06）完全匹配。另外两个罕见谱系LIN3和LIN4数量较少，在新西兰境内受地理限制，与在非洲记录的（诺维耶拉疟原虫）物种（AFTRU08）和残疟原虫（LINOLI01）的序列差异小于1%。我们首次提供了关于侵入性寄生虫进入新西兰的可能速率及其从温带至寒冷环境分布的宝贵信息。
