Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes, Université Paul Verlaine-Metz, CNRS UMR 7146, Campus Bridoux, Avenue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
Chemosphere. 2011 Nov;85(10):1624-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.026. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
The Viciafaba root tip micronucleus test is one of the most employed plant genotoxicity assays, and has been used on various types of contaminated materials. This test has been standardized by AFNOR, the French member organization of ISO. However, this test is usually performed with a water extraction step but soil genotoxicity assessment would be more relevant when performed directly in the soil itself. In order to harmonize these protocols, an ISO standard for the V.faba micronucleus test in both liquid phase (exposure of plants to different liquid matrix, including soil water extracts) and solid phase (direct exposure of plants to the soil) would be very useful. In this context, we compared two exposure durations in the solid phase (48 h and 5 d) for the V.faba micronucleus test with two different well-known genotoxicants, maleic hydrazide and copper sulfate. We concluded that these two durations induced equivalent sensitivity: the micronucleus frequency was significantly increased with 5 μmol maleic hydrazide per kg dry soil and with 2 mmol copper sulfate per kg dry soil with both exposure durations. However, exposing roots to soil during 48 h is more practical. Moreover, organically and conventionally cultured seeds were employed to determine whether the seed provenance influenced the test sensitivity. Organic seeds were less sensitive to copper, possibly because copper-based treatments are permitted, and often applied, in organic farms. Therefore, in the absence of completely non-treated seeds, organically-cultured seeds did not appear to offer any advantages over conventional seeds.
野豌豆根尖微核试验是最常用的植物遗传毒性检测方法之一，已应用于各种类型的污染材料。该试验已被法国标准化协会（AFNOR）标准化，AFNOR 是国际标准化组织（ISO）的法国成员组织。然而，该试验通常采用水提取步骤，但直接在土壤中进行土壤遗传毒性评估会更相关。为了协调这些方案，在液体相（植物暴露于不同的液体基质，包括土壤水提取物）和固体相（植物直接暴露于土壤）中制定 ISO 标准对于野豌豆微核试验非常有用。在这种情况下，我们比较了固体相（48 小时和 5 天）中野豌豆微核试验的两种暴露时间，以及两种已知的遗传毒性剂，马来酰肼和硫酸铜。我们得出的结论是，这两种时间都具有相同的敏感性：微核频率随着每公斤干土 5 μmol 马来酰肼和每公斤干土 2 mmol 硫酸铜显著增加，两种暴露时间都出现了这种情况。然而，将根系暴露于土壤中 48 小时更为实用。此外，还使用有机和常规培养的种子来确定种子来源是否会影响试验敏感性。有机种子对铜的敏感性较低，这可能是因为在有机农场中允许并经常使用含铜的处理。因此，在没有完全未处理的种子的情况下，有机培养的种子似乎并没有比常规种子提供任何优势。
