Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Nov;77(21):7757-65. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00615-11. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
Parasites from the Cryptosporidium genus are the most common cause of waterborne disease around the world. Successful management and prevention of this emerging disease requires knowledge of the diversity of species causing human disease and their zoonotic sources. This study employed a spatiotemporal approach to investigate sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in New South Wales, Australia, between January 2008 and December 2010. Analysis of 261 human fecal samples showed that sporadic human cryptosporidiosis is caused by four species; C. hominis, C. parvum, C. andersoni, and C. fayeri. Sequence analysis of the gp60 gene identified 5 subtype families and 31 subtypes. Cryptosporidium hominis IbA10G2 and C. parvum IIaA18G3R1 were the most frequent causes of human cryptosporidiosis in New South Wales, with 59% and 16% of infections, respectively, attributed to them. The results showed that infections were most prevalent in 0- to 4-year-olds. No gender bias or regional segregation was observed between the distribution of C. hominis and C. parvum infections. To determine the role of cattle in sporadic human infections in New South Wales, 205 cattle fecal samples were analyzed. Four Cryptosporidium species were identified, C. hominis, C. parvum, C. bovis, and C. ryanae. C. parvum subtype IIaA18G3R1 was the most common cause of cryptosporidiosis in cattle, with 47% of infections attributed to it. C. hominis subtype IbA10G2 was also identified in cattle isolates.
隐孢子虫属寄生虫是全世界最常见的水源性疾病病原体。成功管理和预防这种新出现的疾病需要了解引起人类疾病的物种多样性及其人畜共患病源。本研究采用时空方法调查了 2008 年 1 月至 2010 年 12 月期间澳大利亚新南威尔士州散发的人类隐孢子虫病。对 261 个人类粪便样本的分析表明，散发的人类隐孢子虫病由 4 种寄生虫引起；人隐孢子虫、微小隐孢子虫、安氏隐孢子虫和费氏隐孢子虫。gp60 基因序列分析确定了 5 个亚单位家族和 31 个亚型。人隐孢子虫 IbA10G2 和微小隐孢子虫 IIaA18G3R1 是新南威尔士州人类隐孢子虫病的最常见原因，分别有 59%和 16%的感染归因于这两种寄生虫。结果表明，感染最常见于 0 至 4 岁儿童。人隐孢子虫和微小隐孢子虫感染的分布在性别或地区之间没有差异。为了确定牛在新南威尔士州散发的人类感染中的作用，分析了 205 份牛粪便样本。鉴定出 4 种隐孢子虫，人隐孢子虫、微小隐孢子虫、牛隐孢子虫和瑞安隐孢子虫。微小隐孢子虫亚型 IIaA18G3R1 是牛隐孢子虫病的最常见原因，有 47%的感染归因于它。牛分离株中也鉴定出人隐孢子虫亚型 IbA10G2。
