Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, at the University of Melbourne in Australia.
Psychiatry. 2011 Fall;74(3):224-39. doi: 10.1521/psyc.2011.74.3.224.
International clinical practice guidelines for the management of psychological trauma recommend Psychological First Aid (PFA) as an early intervention for survivors of potentially traumatic events. These recommendations are consensus-based, and there is little published evidence assessing the effectiveness of PFA. This is not surprising given the nature of the intervention and the complicating factors involved in any evaluation of PFA. There is, nevertheless, an urgent need for stronger evidence evaluating its effectiveness. The current paper posits that the implementation and evaluation of PFA within high risk organizational settings is an ideal place to start. The paper provides a framework for a phasic approach to implementing PFA within such settings and presents a model for evaluating its effectiveness using a logic- or theory-based approach which considers both pre-event and post-event factors. Phases 1 and 2 of the PFA model are pre-event actions, and phases 3 and 4 are post-event actions. It is hoped that by using the Phased PFA model and evaluation method proposed in this paper, future researchers will begin to undertake the important task of building the evidence about the most effective approach to providing PFA in high risk organizational and community disaster settings.
国际临床实践创伤管理指南建议将心理急救（PFA）作为潜在创伤事件幸存者的早期干预措施。这些建议是基于共识的，并且很少有发表的证据评估 PFA 的有效性。鉴于干预的性质以及任何对 PFA 进行评估所涉及的复杂因素，这并不奇怪。尽管如此，仍迫切需要更强有力的证据来评估其有效性。目前的论文认为，在高风险组织环境中实施和评估 PFA 是一个理想的起点。本文提供了在这种环境中实施 PFA 的分阶段方法的框架，并提出了使用基于逻辑或理论的方法评估其有效性的模型，该方法同时考虑了事件前和事件后因素。PFA 模型的第 1 阶段和第 2 阶段是事件前的行动，第 3 阶段和第 4 阶段是事件后的行动。希望通过使用本文提出的分阶段 PFA 模型和评估方法，未来的研究人员将开始承担在高风险组织和社区灾难环境中提供 PFA 的最有效方法的重要任务，以积累证据。
