Department of Sport Pedagogy, Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyväskylä, Finland.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Dec;25(12):3342-51. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318236d0c2.
Vänttinen, T, Blomqvist, M, Nyman, K, and Häkkinen, K. Changes in body composition, hormonal status, and physical fitness in 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old Finnish regional youth soccer players during a two-year follow-up. J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3342-3351, 2011-The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in body composition, hormonal status, and physical fitness in 10.8 ± 0.3-year-old (n = 13), 12.7 ± 0.2-year-old (n = 14), and 14.7 ± 0.3-year-old (n = 12) Finnish regional youth soccer players during a 2-year monitoring period and to compare physical fitness characteristics of soccer players with those of age-matched controls (10.7 ± 0.3 years, n = 13; 14.7 ± 0.3 years, n = 10) not participating in soccer. Body composition was measured in terms of height, weight, muscle mass, percentage of body fat, and lean body weight of trunk, legs, and arms. Hormonal status was monitored by concentrations of serum testosterone and cortisol. Physical fitness was measured in terms of sprinting speed, agility, isometric maximal strength (leg extensors, abdominal, back, grip), explosive strength, and endurance. Age-related development was detected in all other measured variables except in the percentage of body fat. The results showed that the physical fitness of regional soccer players was better than that of the control groups in all age groups, especially in cardiovascular endurance (p < 0.01-0.001) and in agility (p < 0.01-0.001). In conclusion, playing in a regional level soccer team seems to provide training adaptation, which is beyond normal development and which in all likelihood leads to positive health effects over a prolonged period of time.
文特宁、T、布洛姆奎斯特、M、尼曼、K 和哈基宁、K。在两年的随访中，11、13 和 15 岁的芬兰地区青少年足球运动员的身体成分、激素状态和体能的变化。J 力量与体能研究 25（12）：3342-3351，2011-本研究的目的是研究 10.8±0.3 岁（n=13）、12.7±0.2 岁（n=14）和 14.7±0.3 岁（n=12）的芬兰地区青少年足球运动员在两年监测期间的身体成分、激素状态和体能变化，并比较足球运动员与未参加足球运动的同龄对照组（10.7±0.3 岁，n=13；14.7±0.3 岁，n=10）的体能特征。身体成分通过身高、体重、肌肉质量、体脂百分比和躯干、腿部和手臂的瘦体重来测量。激素状态通过血清睾酮和皮质醇浓度来监测。体能通过冲刺速度、敏捷性、等长最大力量（腿部伸展、腹部、背部、握力）、爆发力和耐力来衡量。除了体脂百分比，所有其他测量变量都显示出与年龄相关的发展。结果表明，在所有年龄段，地区足球运动员的体能都优于对照组，尤其是在心血管耐力（p<0.01-0.001）和敏捷性（p<0.01-0.001）方面。总之，参加地区级别的足球队似乎提供了训练适应，这超出了正常的发展，并且很可能在长时间内带来积极的健康影响。
