Li Mingbang, Zeng Yang, Wei LiXin, Li Junlin
College of physical education and health,Geely University of China,Chengdu,China.
Sichuan University of Science and Technology, Meishan, China.
J Sports Sci Med. 2025 Jun 1;24(2):341-350. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2025.341. eCollection 2025 Jun.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of compensatory training on later-born basketball players, who had less match time compared to their peers, focusing on their physical fitness and skill development. A prospective cohort study compared three groups of male youth basketball players (ages 12-14). One group consisted of later-born players with a high volume of match play in competitive scenarios (lbHPT), while the other two groups had match play below the median of the teams. Among these two groups, one received compensatory training (lbLPTcomp), and the other did not (lbLPTreg). Players were evaluated at three time points: baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The assessments measured aerobic capacity (using the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test), 10-meter sprint performance, 5-0-5 change of direction (COD deficit), and performance on the basketball technical test (LSPT). The compensatory training consisted of two weekly sessions in which, after regular training, the later-born players participated in 2v2 or 3v3 small-sided games lasting 15 minutes per session. The results revealed that lbLPTcomp was significantly effective in reducing the differences with lbHPT, as no significant differences were observed between the two cohorts over the 6 months for any of the outcomes ( > 0.05). Additionally, lbLPTcomp performed significantly better than lbLPTreg post-6 months in the LSPT ( = 0.033) and COD deficit ( = 0.003). The lbLPTreg group was also significantly worse than lbHPT in the YYIRT ( = 0.022), LSPT ( = 0.036), and COD deficit ( = 0.005). No significant between-group differences were found in 10-m sprint after 6 months (p = 0.241), though lbHPT and lbLPTcomp improved significantly (both p < 0.001). In conclusion, while compensatory training like twice-weekly small-sided games may help later-born youth athletes with limited playtime, further research is needed before broad implementation.
本研究的目的是分析补偿训练对出生顺序靠后的篮球运动员的影响，这些运动员与同龄人相比比赛时间较少，重点关注他们的身体素质和技能发展。一项前瞻性队列研究比较了三组男性青少年篮球运动员（12 - 14岁）。一组由在竞争场景中比赛场次较多的出生顺序靠后的运动员组成（lbHPT），而另外两组的比赛场次低于球队中位数。在这两组中，一组接受补偿训练（lbLPTcomp），另一组不接受（lbLPTreg）。在三个时间点对运动员进行评估：基线、3个月和6个月。评估测量了有氧能力（使用Yo - Yo间歇恢复测试）、10米短跑成绩、5 - 0 - 5变向（COD赤字）以及篮球技术测试（LSPT）成绩。补偿训练包括每周两次课程，在常规训练后，出生顺序靠后的运动员参加每场持续15分钟的2对2或3对3小场比赛。结果显示，lbLPTcomp在减少与lbHPT的差异方面显著有效，因为在6个月内，两组在任何结果上均未观察到显著差异（>0.05）。此外，在6个月后，lbLPTcomp在LSPT（=0.033）和COD赤字（=0.003）方面的表现明显优于lbLPTreg。lbLPTreg组在YYIRT（=0.022）、LSPT（=0.036）和COD赤字（=0.005）方面也明显比lbHPT差。6个月后，在10米短跑中未发现组间显著差异（p = 0.241），不过lbHPT和lbLPTcomp均有显著改善（p均<0.001）。总之，虽然像每周两次的小场比赛这样的补偿训练可能有助于比赛时间有限的出生顺序靠后的青少年运动员，但在广泛实施之前还需要进一步研究。
