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青少年足球运动员的身高增长峰值速度与身体机能之间的关系。

The relationship between peak height velocity and physical performance in youth soccer players.

作者信息

Philippaerts Renaat M, Vaeyens Roel, Janssens Melissa, Van Renterghem Bart, Matthys Dirk, Craen Rita, Bourgois Jan, Vrijens Jacques, Beunen Guston, Malina Robert M

机构信息

Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

出版信息

J Sports Sci. 2006 Mar;24(3):221-30. doi: 10.1080/02640410500189371.

Abstract

Longitudinal changes in height, weight and physical performance were studied in 33 Flemish male youth soccer players from the Ghent Youth Soccer Project. The players' ages at the start of the study ranged from 10.4 to 13.7 years, with a mean age of 12.2 +/- 0.7 years. Longitudinal changes were studied over a 5 year period. Peak height velocity and peak weight velocity were determined using non-smoothed polynomials. The estimations of peak height velocity, peak weight velocity and age at peak height velocity were 9.7 +/- 1.5 cm x year-1, 8.4 +/- 3.0 kg x year-1 and 13.8 +/- 0.8 years, respectively. Peak weight velocity occurred, on average, at the same age as peak height velocity. Balance, speed of limb movement, trunk strength, upper-body muscular endurance, explosive strength, running speed and agility, cardiorespiratory endurance and anaerobic capacity showed peak development at peak height velocity. A plateau in the velocity curves was observed after peak height velocity for upper-body muscular endurance, explosive strength and running speed. Flexibility exhibited peak development during the tear after peak height velocity. Trainers and coaches should be aware of the individual characteristics of the adolescent growth spurt and the training load should also be individualized at this time.

摘要

对来自根特青年足球项目的33名佛兰芒男性青年足球运动员的身高、体重和身体机能的纵向变化进行了研究。研究开始时,这些运动员的年龄在10.4岁至13.7岁之间,平均年龄为12.2±0.7岁。纵向变化在5年期间进行研究。使用非平滑多项式确定身高增长峰值速度和体重增长峰值速度。身高增长峰值速度、体重增长峰值速度以及身高增长峰值时的年龄估计分别为9.7±1.5厘米/年、8.4±3.0千克/年和13.8±0.8岁。体重增长峰值速度平均出现在与身高增长峰值速度相同的年龄。平衡能力、肢体运动速度、躯干力量、上身肌肉耐力、爆发力、跑步速度和敏捷性、心肺耐力和无氧能力在身高增长峰值时呈现出峰值发展。上身肌肉耐力、爆发力和跑步速度在身高增长峰值后,速度曲线出现平台期。柔韧性在身高增长峰值后的快速生长期呈现出峰值发展。教练和培训师应了解青少年生长突增的个体特征,此时训练负荷也应个体化。

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